Cry, The Beloved Country By Allan Paton - 879 Words

Rough Draft #1 Cry, The Beloved Country by Allan Paton shows the theme of â€Å"the broken tribe† (Paton 104) throughout the novel. Paton shows the brokenness through the travels of the main character, Kumalo. Kumalo’s trip to Johannesburg and back to Ndotsheni signifies the novel’s theme, the broken tribe. Paton uses a poetic writing style to give the reader an insight into the brokenness that Kumalo sees. The broken tribe ultimately refers to the brokenness in the individual, in the land, and in the community. The broken tribe on the smallest level refers to the brokenness of the individual. Kumalo, Jarvis, and Absalom are the prime examples of the individual brokenness in Cry, The Beloved Country. Kumalo’s brokenness shows through his struggle to pray and have faith. Kumalo tells Jarvis that â€Å"there is no prayer left in me. I am dumb here inside. I have no words at all† (Paton 105). Kumalo has no hope that his son is not the murderer. Kumalo loses all of his hope and all the hope turns to fear. Kumalo fears that his son is the murderer. Even though he fears that his son is the murderer, he knows that it is â€Å"foolish to fear that one thing in this great city, with its thousands and thousands of people† (Paton 105). Kumalo realizes that it is a very small chance that his son is the murderer since the city of Johannesburg is so big. Kumalo is broken because of his son’s actions. Jarvis’s brokenness shows through his sorrow because of his wife’s death. Jarvis is broken over theShow MoreRelated Corruption In Cry, the Beloved Country, by Alan Paton Essay613 Words   |  3 Pages Corruption is one of the most prevailing themes in Cry The Beloved Country, as well as in today’s world. In this story the author pictures many different characters in order to represent this wide spread illness of society, John Kumalo, Gertrude, Abasalom, just to name a few. Johannesburg itself is the summary of all that is wrong with cities of today. There is corruption and poverty. Crime runs rampant, and law-abiding citizens are forced to survive as they can. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;

Going Back to the Natural Way - 1228 Words

Apostol, Camille C. March 7, 2014 Gumahad, Leanne Jessa G. BC-12 H Lee, Sujin Going Back to the Natural Way â€Å"Until man duplicates a blade of grass, nature can laugh at his so-called scientific knowledge. Remedies from chemicals will never stand in favour compared with the products of nature, the living cell of the plant, the final result of the rays of the sun, the mother of all life.†- Thomas Edison. Even a scientist himself believed that no chemicals that overshadowed the importance of nature can equal its greatness. Edison further stated that future doctors would not give medicine to is patients but rather interest his patients in the care and prevention of disease. The use of natural medicines was dated as†¦show more content†¦In the market today, herbal medicine costs significantly lower than the western medicine. It does not need to undergo long and expensive clinical testing. Some of these can also be done or made at home. Some may say that these medicines are not a hundred percent in quality. These, for some instances may be true but herbal medications are mor e affordable than mainstream medications simple because they are found in nature and are abundant with mostly all kinds of vitamins and or nutrients. Today, since more and more people are living in urban areas, medicinal plants, supplements, herbal capsules, fruits, vegetables, and spices can easily be acquired in local supermarkets, thus making herbal medicine available anywhere. Even in the rural areas, access to this kind of medication is easy since they are closer to nature. People can also grow herbs in their own land. Questions arise whether the quantity and quality of these medicines and its origin is suitable and enough to supply the growing population. Because the Food and Drug Administration tightly regulates the pharmaceutical industry, there are simply far more herbal medicine products available for consumption. Herbal medicine promotes safety. Herbal medicines tend to derive themselves from relatively harmless plant matters that the human body can easily digest. TheseSh ow MoreRelatedConsumer Report At The Grocery Shopping795 Words   |  4 Pagesperson wants to be healthy. When going grocery shopping, they reach for the foods that are labeled either ‘natural’ or ‘organic’. If you were to ask why they decided to choose the food that has those labels, they would say â€Å"It is healthy† and they would give you this answer all because of a simple, machine printed label. These labels have brainwashed people into believing that ‘natural’ and ‘organic’ is actually better for them. Going beyond the label, what does ‘natural’ actually mean? Walking intoRead MoreDescriptive Essay - My Eyes And Imagine1611 Words   |  7 Pageswaterfall trickles down some mossy rocks. The massive trees surround you, being the reason numerous different, unique bird calls are going off like alarms. You run over to the waterfall and kneel down onto the soft padded ground beneath, you start splashing the refreshing cool water on your face gulping down the small portions that slip past your lips. The water fizzes like natural springs effervescent liquid slides down your throat as you sigh. You take a deep breath in and smell the fresh, crisp air asRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Food Production1164 Words   |  5 Pagessustainable and conventional farming. I will also be explain how we could make the negatives turn to a positives. AS food production is going to be a lot harder in the further we need to find out which one is going to be the best at producing on a mass scale but working with the environment at the same time. Advantages of conventional farming: Conventional farming is the only way of feeding our overpopulated planet. The first advantage of conventional farming is they are the opposite to organic farming thisRead MoreThe Museum Of Natural History1155 Words   |  5 Pagesare about giving the most up-to-date information to their patrons. No matter how well their organization, commercially, is wrap it up that part of them remains the same. From the two museums that I visited, the Henry Ford Museum and the Museum of Natural History, are clearly about passing information to the patron. There are differences between them, however, it is the equivalences that I want to focus on as they are what bind them. The three areas of focus are community, academic outreach, and theRead MoreThe And The World Of The Night The Floor1086 Words   |  5 Pages gives way and the earth sucks you up into it. This is what happened to a Florida man in 2013. His friend came by to check on him because he had not heard from him for a while, only to find the large hole in the bedroom and Mr. Bush was no where to be found. He has not been found to this day. A sinkhole swallowed him up alive and was never to be heard from again. Sinkholes are formed from the limestone that is in our ground throughout the U.S.A and the world. There are natural cracks inRead MoreThe Rural Town Of Burrillville Is A Hoax And A Myth Created By The Chinese Government Essay1303 Words   |  6 Pageslarge amount of land that is not being used. The fossil fuel industry want to build a natural gas power plant. The use of fossil fuels is fueling climate change. Although some believe climate change is a hoax and a myth created by the Chinese government, the facts and science back up the changing environment. An argument being made to creating this plant is it will make people s electric bills go down and it is going to create more jobs. Yes, it is true this plant would create jobs, but furthering theRead MoreEssay on History of Chemistry through the Ages794 Words   |  4 Pages The history of chemistry dates back to the time of ancient history to now. Ancient civilizations used technologies that would eventually form the basis of the various branches of chemistry by 1000 BC. For example, they were extracting chemicals from plants to make medicines. The history of chemistry is intertwined with the history of thermodynamics. Chemistry is very important to our world today. Without it, we wouldn’t be near as advanced as we are. Let’s take scientists for example. The scientistsRead MoreWhy People Should Not Embrace The Technology That Is Designer Babies975 Words   |  4 Pagestopic is to persuade people to against further research of designer babies. The general concept of designer babies is the hand-picked creation of a child, but the topic will be further discussed throughout this essay. Designer babies are an inhumane way to create a child and should not be promoted or legal in the United States. There are many videos based on the study of designer babies, as shown in the beginning of my speech. Most of these videos talk about what a designer baby is, the general processRead MoreAll Natural Weight Loss : Is It Good All The Time? Essay1745 Words   |  7 Pages4 All Natural Weight Loss: Is it Good All the Time? When you are contemplating your own weight loss plan, how important do those two little words, â€Å"All Natural† become to you? To many people, this is an instant guarantee and now they can rest assured that all of their weight loss dreams will miraculously become realities and there will not be any adverse side effects to hurt them physically or even emotionally. All Natural seems to imply to many people that everything else is okay as long as whatRead MoreEthical Judgement Methods1195 Words   |  5 Pagesknowledge our ethics may become an obstacle. Some say ethics there to protect us, some argue they are a hindrance. Our ethics come from two major ways of knowing which are emotion and reasoning. This essay will tackle the knowledge issue which is â€Å"Is our ethical judgements hindrance on our knowledge a good thing?† I will be focusing on two areas of knowing which Natural Sciences and the Arts. To some ethics can simplify life, by just following what their religion or what their culture say. For example ‘you

Leonardo Da Vinci wrote Essay Example For Students

Leonardo Da Vinci wrote Essay Leonardo wrote: l shall make covered chariots, which are safe and cannot be assaulted; cars, which fear no great numbers when breaking through the ranks of the enemy and its artillery. Behind them, the infantrymen shall follow, without fearing injury or other impediments. Leonardo has an idea to sowing panic and destruction among enemy troops with an armored car, which is a forerunner to the tank. The car consists of metal plates and are armored with guns. The car holds 8 men, who would turn cranks to move the heels and also shooting from the cannons. The notes on the drawing (see the picture) show that Leonardo had thought of replacing the men with horses, but he decided to not replace them. The notes Leonardo wrote about this invention can be dated to around 1487. Aerial screw a forerunner to the helicopter: Leonardo wrote this about the aerial screw: l believe that if this screw device is well manufactured, that is, if it is made of linen cloth, the pores of which have been closed with starch, and if the device is promptly reversed, the screw will engage its gear when in the air and it will rise up on high. The aerial screw is one of Leonardo most famous inventions. The aerial screw has a diameter of 5 meters, made of reed, linen cloth and wire, and its 4 men who stood on the central platform to control the flying machine. But the invention is still an idea. And nobody has tested the aerial screw in the reality. The idea comes from Leonardo first period in Milan and is dated between 1483 and 1486. It belongs to the first series of machines designed for flight. He got the idea from a toy (called windmill game), which was popular in Leonardo time. Deep-sea diving suit: The diving suit Leonardo had also invented a deep-sea diving suit. It was made by leather and cane steel spirals so the diver are protected from the pressure of the water. Without the spirals cant the diver breathe. Leonardo wanted the diver to be dry all the time so he made a coat, trousers and a mask with glass lenses. He invented the diving suit when he was in Venice. He invented it because Venice was threatened by the Turkish fleet. The idea was that one diver should sink at least one of the enemys ships.

Eng 11A Poetry/Age of Reason (Unit 1) Flashcard

Eng 11A Poetry/Age of Reason (Unit 1)

10 Things I Hate About You Essays

Taming of the Shrew/ 10 Things I Hate About You Essays Taming of the Shrew/ 10 Things I Hate About You Paper Taming of the Shrew/ 10 Things I Hate About You Paper Essay Topic: The Taming Of the Shrew The story of The Taming of the Shrew is one that raises important issues both in the Shakespearean text and in the modern appropriation 10 Things I Hate About You. How does each composers use of this story reflect the time in which each was composed The Taming of the Shrew was written in the Elizabethan Era in England at a time when men were considered to be superior to women. The patriarchal society of this time is reflected to a large extent in the text and various implications of traditional values can be noted. The modern appropriation, Ten Things I Hate About You, goes along the same story line however it is quite evident that the different context has a significant impact upon the content. The most obvious indicator of the type of society is given through the medium that each text is presented in. The Taming of the Shrew is a play and was staged for audiences during the early 17th century. The fact that Shakespeare chose to write a play rather than, say, a comic strip or screenplay, indicated that it was the most popular form of entertainment at the time. The best way for Shakespeare to have his work known was through the most popular form of entertainment. The language of the text is another tell-tale sign of the type of culture prevalent in Shakespeares era. Shakespearean English is used, which is much more poetic and refined than our present day dialect, hence the people in society had quite sophisticated speech. In the film Ten Things I Hate About You, the language is fairly colloquial and rough-edged. Kat is called a heinous bitch by her peers, and the Principal of the school, someone in an authoritative position, has no problem with relaying that information to Kat. This is a large contrast to the Katherina of the Shakespearean text, whom others called a shrew and a wild beast. This exposes the crude English that society has developed, and that is being used by teenagers. The fact that a person in a position of power doesnt hesitate to use such language emphasizes that it is accepted not only by adolescents but by adults as well. Yet another illustration of the popular culture of modern society is the medium that Ten Things is shown via. Choosing to adapt the play, The Taming of the Shrew, as a film shows that it was one of the most popular forms of entertainment of the 20th century. Society in the Renaissance period was highly dominated by males, and they exercised their power over women quite regularly. We can immediately come to this conclusion after reading the beginning of the text, The Taming of the Shrew. Katherina is being defined by Gremio and Lucentio, and after their first meeting with Katherina Gremio states . .. though her father be very rich, any man is so very a fool to be married to hell Through the mens definitions the audience is given the first opinions of Katherina and she is not given a chance to voice her own opinion or thoughts on the matter. The appropriated version of Katherina, Kat, is a character that is given much more freedom. She is a non-conformist and an outsider at her school. She is defined by her own words, I dont like to do what people expect, why should I live up to other peoples expectations instead of my own, and her actions in the English Class Scene. Kat makes references to Sylvia Plath and Charlotte Bronte, both feminist writers, and we are led to believe that Kat holds strong feminist views. The music in the film also signifies how Kat feels, for example the beginning song that has the lyrics I dont give a damn about my bad reputation. In the film Kat is also given a chance to explain the reasons for her different behaviour when she tells Bianca about her relationship with Joey. Katherina of The Taming of the Shrew is never given the chance to explain herself and her actions therefore we can conclude that it is because her society does not allow for women like herself to have an opinion. Choice is a prominent symbol of the cultures that each text reflects. In the Taming of the Shrew Katherina is forced to marry Petruchio and she is not given any choice in the matter because it is unacceptable to go against the will of ones father. The culture of the early 17th century placed strong emphasis on the respect that children must show for their parents. Although Katherina rebels against many other customs she reluctantly marries out of respect for her father. In Ten Things Kat is given the choice of going out with Patrick or not. Patrick is given money to woo Kat but he never forces her to take up his offer because, in the society that they live in, it is not acceptable. This reflects that, in the modern context, men and women have greater equality, and also that parents have little or no part in the relationships that their children build with members of the opposite sex. The fathers in each of the two texts give a very good insight into the culture of the society in their particular eras. The Ten Things father is very protective of his daughters. He is aware of the availability of drugs and alcohol in teen culture, and the probability teens retain of having sexual relations. This shows that these are all prominent issues in society in the 90s. Baptista, from the play, is a contrast to the Ten Things father. He very much desires his daughters to get married because he doesnt want to risk losing his familys good reputation. We can tell that it is normal for daughters to be married by their fathers and the father is not worried about sex, drugs or alcohol, so we can gather that these issues were not around during the Renaissance. Hence it can be concluded that the culture of the time was not exposed to such matters, and did not need to concern themselves with them. The biggest force in society at the time Ten Things was made was peer pressure, and still is. We find this out when Kat talks to Bianca about her relationship with Joey. She said everyone was doing it so I did it. We can gather that Kat was a victim of this peer pressure and her reaction was to cut herself off from all the conformists and become her own person. Kat is not the only person in society that has a feminist view, though, and this is shown at Club Skunk where her favourite band performed. Kat was not the only girl listening to the band so one can assume that Kats interests were not entirely individual. Whereas Katherina of Shakespeares play is only one voice in the male hierarchical system and she is never aware of any similar voices so her oppression in society was inevitable. In modern society, it has become normal for all teenagers to attend university. In Ten Things Kat talks about wanting to attend a University out west, something her father isnt keen on, as the western Universities are known for their better marks and overall higher intelligence. Kats desire to go against her fathers will reflects that parents and children of the 20th century were more equal than they were in the Elizabethan period. Kats thirst for knowledge and attendance at a western university highlights her strong personality as she is willing to go against her father to get what she wants. In The Taming of the Shrew an indication of a characters wealth is by the number of servants they have, the size of their property, and the positions they hold in society. This is a direct reflection on Renaissance society as many of the richest people owned a fair few servants. This is fairly similar to today and in Ten Things, the movie illustrates the Kats familys wealthiness through their large pristine house, their fathers occupation as a Doctor, and the dialogue. In Shakespeares time wealth was admired a great deal. Men would marry women because of their fathers wealth and the good deal they could close. Well off men were much respected in society. The reason for Petruchios marriage to Katherina was solely because he wanted to have a share in her wealth. In the end the audience never finds out whether Petruchio and Katherina love each other but previously they didnt so it can be assumed either way. In Ten Things not much reference is paid to the impacts your wealth had on the respect you received in society. Bowy Lowenstein, on of the computer group is not considered cool because he spends a lot of time at his computer and not socializing, yet he is very wealthy. Overall The Taming of the Shrew and Ten Things I Hate About You contain many elements that reflect the society through which they were composed. The historical, cultural, and social context of the Taming of the Shrew influenced much of the action in the play and the film appropriation gives an insight into 20th century teen culture.

Globish Language Definition and Examples

Globish Language Definition and Examples Globish is a simplified version of Anglo-American English used as a worldwide  lingua franca. (See Panglish.)  The trademarked term Globish, a blend of the words  global  and  English, was coined by French businessman Jean-Paul Nerrià ¨re in the mid-1990s. In his 2004 book Parlez Globish, Nerrià ¨re included a Globish vocabulary of 1,500 words. Globish is not quite a pidgin, says linguist  Harriet Joseph Ottenheimer. Globish appears to be English without idioms, making it easier for non-Anglophones to understand and to communicate with one another (The Anthropology of Language, 2008). Examples and Observations [Globish] is not a language, it is a tool. . . . A language is the vehicle of a culture. Globish doesnt want to be that at all. It is a means of communication.(Jean-Paul Nerrià ¨re, quoted by Mary Blume in If You Cant Master English, Try Globish. The New York Times, April 22, 2005) How to Learn Globish in a WeekGlobish [is]  the newest and most widely spoken language in the world. Globish is not like  Esperanto or Volapuk; this is not a formally constructed language, but rather an organic patois, constantly adapting, emerging solely from practical usage, and spoken in some form or other by about 88 per cent of mankind. . . .Starting from scratch, anyone in the world should be able to learn Globish in about one week. [Jean-Paul] Nerrià ¨res website [globish.com] . . . recommends that students use plenty of gesticulation when words fail, and listen to popular songs to aid pronunciation . . ..Incorrect English can be extraordinarily rich, and non-standard forms of the language are developing outside the West in ways that are as lively and diverse as Chaucerian or Dickensian English.(Ben MacIntyre, The Last Word: Tales From the Tip of the Mother Tongue. Bloomsbury, 2011)   Examples of Globish[Globish] dispenses with idioms, literary language and complex grammar. . . . [Nerrià ¨res] books are about turning complicated English into useful English. For example, chat becomes speak casually to each other in Globish; and kitchen is the room in which you cook your food. Siblings, rather clumsily, are the other children of my parents. But pizza is still pizza, as it has an international currency, like taxi and police.(J. P. Davidson, Planet Word. Penguin, 2011) Is Globish the Future of English?Globish is a cultural and media phenomenon, one whose infrastructure is economic. Boom or bust, it is a story of Follow the money. Globish remains based on trade, advertising and the global market. Traders in Singapore inevitably communicate in local languages at home; internationally they default to Globish. . . .Much gloomy American thinking about the future of its language and culture revolves around the assumption that it will inevitably become challenged by Mandarin Chinese or Spanish or even Arabic. What if the real threatactually, no more than a challengeis closer to home, and lies with this Globish supranational lingua franca, one that all Americans can identify with?(Robert McCrum, Globish: How the English Language Became the Worlds Language. W.W. Norton, 2010) The Language of EuropeWhat language does Europe speak? France has lost its battle for French. Europeans now overwhelmingly opt for English. The Eurovision song contest, won this month by an Austrian cross-dresser, is mostly English-speaking, even if the votes are translated into French. The European Union conducts ever more business in English. Interpreters sometimes feel they are speaking to themselves. Last year Germany’s president, Joachim Gauck, argued for an English-speaking Europe: national languages would be cherished for spirituality and poetry alongside a workable English for all of life’s situations and all age groups.Some detect a European form of global English (globish): a  patois  with English physiognomy, cross-dressed with continental cadences and syntax, a train of EU institutional jargon and sequins of linguistic false friends (mostly French). . . .Philippe Van Parijs, a professor at Louvain University, argues that European-level democracy does not require a homogenous culture, or  ethnos; a common political community, or  demos, needs only a lingua franca. . . .  The answer to Europe’s democratic deficit, says Mr Van Parijs, is to accelerate the process so that English is not just the language of an elite but also the means for poorer Europeans to be heard. An approximate version of English, with a limited vocabulary of just a few hundred words, would suffice.(Charlemagne, The Globish-Speaking Union. The Economist, May 24, 2014)

Integration Paper (Operations Management) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Integration Paper (Operations Management) - Essay Example These two concepts when taken personally and professional are very much and related and cannot be really separated. Personally, ERP is something that one needs to learn in order to maximize the use of resources (financial and time). I know that I can relate on how specific inputs should be handled in order to get the most benefits. An example of this is the efficient allocation of budget which is very significant with the current economic situation. Professionally, the concepts of ERP and SCM should always be considered in any activity noting the profit maximizing goal of the firm. Thus, each employee should see to it that all resources should be put into best use. The most interesting lesson for the week is JIT and lean operations. I am really amazed by these concepts in operations management. I have always wondered why Dell Inc does not have retail distributors for their products. I thought it might have been just easy for them to stock their products and wait for walk-in customers to buy. However, with the discussion, I have appreciated this strategy of JIT where products are manufactured as they are ordered by customers.

Project management coarse work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project management coarse work - Essay Example One such result is the Denver International Airport Baggage Handling Project. In order to highlight on the high regard placed on project management, it is imperative to cite an example of such catastrophic failure, which accrued from poor project management. The Denver International Airport is currently ranked as among the five busiest airports in the world. The baggage handling system had a budget allowance of five hundred and sixty million. As such, it is of magnitude that will best depict the importance of this art if indeed project management can be regarded as such. This paper will explicate on the exact failures of the project management team while simultaneously endeavoring to relay alternative courses of action that would have yielded the desired results, if not better. Analysis Few failed projects can rival the extent to which the Denver International Airport baggage handling system cost the American tax payer. Given this significant impact, it is not startling that there ex ists numerous data to be sourced from the web expounding on the project. It is on this rationale that the internet fashioned a core data source for this paper. However, these sources might conflict on trivial details, what they do agree on is the insurmountable figures that characterized the baggage handling system. ... The baggage handling system was to cut delays by tremendous figures while simultaneously slashing aircraft turn around to as little as thirty minutes. On paper, it was the perfect project on which the new airport could embark. However, the dissimilarity between how the project appears on paper and in the actual senses all depends on the efficacy of the project management team (Lock, 2007). The resultant system, which was put in place, was a mere shadow of the project that had been envisioned. It neither had the glamour nor the efficiency of the proposed system. The Denver International Airport baggage handling system best exemplifies dysfunctional decision making. A series of these flawed decisions transformed a remarkably brilliant undertaking into a laughable ghost of the original project. The question now becomes who is responsible for this failure. A number of key errors were made along the way but, the bulk of the blame ought to lie with the project management team (Project Mana gement Institute, 2008). This stems from the fact that, it was their mandated task to guarantee a smooth and definite transition of the project from paper into real life. Project managers should first seek to understand the nature of their projects before they embark on them. This is in relation to the respective complexity, schedule, scope and the allocated budget. After gaining this vital understanding, they should then endeavor to make decisions with these facts in mind. An oversight that was made is that; the complexities that were to accompany the project were not well understood and subsequently handled. Thus, when in the advanced stages of the project, when such complexities arose the team was not well positioned to react accordingly. The implementation of the

A Collegiate Dilemma Essay Example for Free

A Collegiate Dilemma Essay Favoritism is the tendency of an individual to discriminate against another person or a group of persons. It happens when an individual favors another over others. In most cases, it occurs as a result of an individuals value judgment and thus it is an attitude( http://dictionary. die. net/favoritism ). For instance, in many learning institutions especially those dealing with higher education favoritism occurs when professors favor some students simply because they want to have intimate relationship with them. Such inclination or or disposition to favor some students or even treat others unfairly on the basis of prejudice motivated by the lust to have sexually exploitative relationship confirms the presence of favoritism in universities and colleges. College professors are supposed to display both ethical and scholarly standards in the best way possible. These standards are guided by ethical principles which include the following. Professors should not engage in any form of dual relationships with their students. They should not sexually harass the students. According to American Association of University Press (AAUP, 1987) professors should provide a free learning environment to their students and respect them. They should serve as role models of a scholar and also a thinker. They must not harm the people they work with either physically or emotionally ( http://www. google. com/search? num=100hl=ensafe=offq=Keith-Spiegel+et+al. %2C+2002+on+consequences+of+favoritismbtnG=Search). They should treat every person equally. They should also award grades in a transparent manner and provide a ream for grades appeal to avoid what can be referred to as Sexually Transmitted Grades (STGs). Dignity should guide their relationship with those they work with. Violation of any of these principles as a result of favoritism is unethical. Romance between professors and students will encourage favoritism and thus it is unethical. Romance between professors and students results to severe negative consequences. Many students are either physically or emotionally harmed in the process. Students concerned acquire STGs which are unfairly acquired demoralizing the other students. The professor and the student involved devote a lot of time in the relationship and produce â€Å"half – baked† professionals who cannot execute their roles properly in the future. It is therefore the professors responsibility to strictly observe the limits in their relationship with the students while defining both their roles together with their respective behavior even when out of the academic setting (http://www. collegevalues. org/articles. cfm? id=1416a=1). Refferences Definition: favoritism retrieved from http://dictionary. die. net/favoritism on 14th april, 2008 A Collegiate Dilemma: The Lack of Formal Training in Ethics for Professors retrieved from http://www. collegevalues. org/articles. cfm? id=1416a=1 on14th April, 2008 Keith-Spiegel et al. , 2002 retrieved from http://www. google. com/search? num=100hl=ensafe=offq=Keith-Spiegel+et+al. %2C+2002+on+consequences+of+favoritismbtnG=Search on 14th April, 2008. De Russy 2003 on consequences of favoritism retrieved from http://www. collegevalues. org/articles. cfm? id=1416a=1 on 14th April, 2008 Rupert and Holmes on favoritism retrieved from http://www. collegevalues. org/articles. cfm? id=1416a=1 on 14th April, 2008

Vaid’s Liberal Argument :: Research Papers

Vaid’s Liberal Argument Andrew Sullivan and Urvashi Vaid are two of the most prolific advocates of homosexual equality. Urvashi Vaid's book, Virtual Equality, argues that homosexuals are living as if they are equal to heterosexuals when in fact homosexuals are still treated unfairly and need to seek true liberation. Sullivan's book, Virtually Normal, examines several different political groups and their differing beliefs concerning how society should deal with homosexuality. The arguments expressed in Vaid's book suggest that Sullivan would categorize her into chapter four of Virtually Normal, entitled, â€Å"The Liberals.† It becomes evident that Vaid is neither a Prohibitionist, Liberationist, Conservative, nor an advocate of Sullivan's ideal politics. Sullivan would categorize Vaid into the Liberal category because her ideals concerning societal education, anti-discrimination laws, and individual freedom match those of Liberal politics. Though Vaid may share the same goals as other political group s, her methods of achieving these goals are definitely Liberal. Vaid's argument does not fit Sullivan's Prohibitionist category. Prohibitionists, according to Sullivan, believe that homosexuality goes against the grain of both Christianity and natural law. Homosexuality, the Prohibitionists believe, is deemed morally wrong in the bible, and should be denounced as well as punished. Sullivan writes: â€Å"It is that homosexuality is an aberration and that homosexual acts are an abomination† (20). Sullivan goes on to write: â€Å"Drawing on Aristotle's conception of normative nature, Aquinas theorized that all human beings had a single fundamental nature†¦According to Aquinas, all human beings' sexuality is linked to procreation†¦This is what sexual activity is for† (32). The above thinking is what Prohibitionists call natural law. Each being has a natural function, and, for humans, that function is to reproduce. Here, it would be wrong for people to have sex without the intention to reproduce. Since there is no reproduction involved in homosexual sex, Prohibitionists denounce homosexuality. Though Vaid herself may be a homosexual, it is her argument and not her identity that suggests that she could not be placed into the category of Prohibitionist. Vaid writes: â€Å"At its core, this right-wing movement rejects the two-hundred-year-old experiment of American pluralism and, in its place, proposes a Christian state, a theocracy. Right-wing leaders and organizations explicitly reject democratic values like tolerance, dissent, individual freedom, and compromise† (307). Vaid believes that the religious right, a proponent of Prohibitionist politics, is against diversity, democracy, and equality. For this reason, Sullivan would not categorize Vaid's argument in the Prohibitionist category.

Scholarship Essay

For the longest time, I displayed an interest in the educative arts. It has always been a matter of how I would be able to succeed in my goal that would put the complete cherry on top. To obtain a scholarship of such quantity would open up so many doors for me that it would not be difficult in the slightest to find a way to pay my way through college. There are several reasons why I would be an ideal candidate for this scholarship opportunity, so let me delve into the many aspects that will show why I deserve this opportunity to aid me in completion of my present and future goals.It has not been too much of a struggle to work long, laborious hours and also pay for my education, while learning and absorbing as much knowledge as I could. This is true because I have displayed qualities such as responsibility and perseverance that consume my personality. However, these qualities are still present. I have adapted myself to these conditions to allow me to keep working at my goal without gi ving up. However, if I had a scholarship to appease my needs, I would definitely be able to focus on my education even more than I already do.The one thing that would be on my mind would be learning, which in the end is the most important thing. I have harvested a determination for this program that may be quite unbelievable. To teach and educate others is nothing less of a dream, in my view. To be honored and awarded with an aid to help me in my endeavors would not only motivate me even more, but I would make the most of it rather than treat it less than what it is. In all honesty, it is not a fact that may be denied that those who are partaking in the educative system are not paid extremely well.However, I chose this profession because I have a passion that is unimaginable. It is something that I have wanted to do for a very long time and deserve the aid to have an opportunity to make that vision come true. A scholarship should always be awarded to someone who is deserving of it. I have paved my way for my own edification and to have support to make it easier on myself would be not only a chance to focus on other important aspects of my work, but will allow my future to be clear of debt and worry.Education requires complete focus. To be educated is already an opportunity in itself, and to educate is quite a noble profession, and I would appreciate to be a part of that. In summation, I believe that I am a qualifying candidate for the scholarship from the College of Education because I display qualities such as passion and motivation that will allow me to work with the utmost concentration that will bring me face to face with success. Scholarship Essay For the longest time, I displayed an interest in the educative arts. It has always been a matter of how I would be able to succeed in my goal that would put the complete cherry on top. To obtain a scholarship of such quantity would open up so many doors for me that it would not be difficult in the slightest to find a way to pay my way through college. There are several reasons why I would be an ideal candidate for this scholarship opportunity, so let me delve into the many aspects that will show why I deserve this opportunity to aid me in completion of my present and future goals.It has not been too much of a struggle to work long, laborious hours and also pay for my education, while learning and absorbing as much knowledge as I could. This is true because I have displayed qualities such as responsibility and perseverance that consume my personality. However, these qualities are still present. I have adapted myself to these conditions to allow me to keep working at my goal without gi ving up. However, if I had a scholarship to appease my needs, I would definitely be able to focus on my education even more than I already do.The one thing that would be on my mind would be learning, which in the end is the most important thing. I have harvested a determination for this program that may be quite unbelievable. To teach and educate others is nothing less of a dream, in my view. To be honored and awarded with an aid to help me in my endeavors would not only motivate me even more, but I would make the most of it rather than treat it less than what it is. In all honesty, it is not a fact that may be denied that those who are partaking in the educative system are not paid extremely well.However, I chose this profession because I have a passion that is unimaginable. It is something that I have wanted to do for a very long time and deserve the aid to have an opportunity to make that vision come true. A scholarship should always be awarded to someone who is deserving of it. I have paved my way for my own edification and to have support to make it easier on myself would be not only a chance to focus on other important aspects of my work, but will allow my future to be clear of debt and worry.Education requires complete focus. To be educated is already an opportunity in itself, and to educate is quite a noble profession, and I would appreciate to be a part of that. In summation, I believe that I am a qualifying candidate for the scholarship from the College of Education because I display qualities such as passion and motivation that will allow me to work with the utmost concentration that will bring me face to face with success.

Ceremony: Native Americans in the United States Essay

In Leslie Marmon Silko’s Ceremony, the use of storytelling is quite prevalent. Within the framework of Ceremony there are references of the tradition of Native American storytelling along with the progression of telling a story. Storytelling within the Native American culture is oral, traditionally. The method of storytelling within Ceremony at the beginning lays down the framework of the entire book. Silko starts out the novel with a series of stories. The first of which is about Ts’its’tsi’nako (or more easily said) â€Å"Thought Women†, who thinks of things and they appear. She happens to be thinking of a story and it just so happens to be the story being told to us. This then leads us to the next story (1). The next story turns out to be a story about stories. This story tells us (the reader) the importance of stories, and that they aren’t merely for entertainment, but are used to fight off death and illness. The narrator then states, â€Å"You don’t have anything, if you don’t have the stories.† Thus telling us the true importance of the stories of Native American culture, seeing as everything was passed down orally, and not much was written down if any at all (2). Now, for Tayo, these stories embody the understanding of the Native American world Tayo grew up with. Only the army, the doctors, and the white schools try to convince Tayo that the stories are wrong. As Tayo recreates and recalls the old tales, he begins to reunite with the community, pulls through the trauma of war, and ultimately brings back the rain to his land. Tayo learns from these stories that he is not alone, because the stories are shared within a community, and because the contents of the stories show him that others have shared like experiences (Notes/Class Discussions). The rest of the stories within the text of Ceremony announce elements that will reoccur within the novel. As the story is told either by a single person or by a group of people, it can fashion between those people a sense of community. As stated previously, that stories have the power to fight of death and illness. The stories contain the ceremonies and rituals that have the ability to cure individuals and the communities. Stories are able to provide this ability by restoring the affiliations betwixt all things and people. The stories within Ceremony are an integral part of the story line. The stories within the novel show us how important they are to the Native American culture and way of life. They provide us with the impending points of the plot, of how a ceremony is what can cure the people.

Weak Electrolyte Definition and Examples

Weak Electrolyte Definition and Examples A weak electrolyte is an electrolyte that does not completely dissociate in  aqueous  solution. The solution will contain both ions and molecules of the electrolyte. Weak electrolytes only partially ionize in water (usually 1% to 10%), while strong electrolytes completely ionize (100%).   Weak Electrolyte Examples HC2H3O2 (acetic acid), H2CO3 (carbonic acid), NH3 (ammonia), and H3PO4 (phosphoric acid) are all examples of weak electrolytes. Weak acids and weak bases are weak electrolytes. In contrast, strong acids, strong bases, and salts are strong electrolytes. Note a salt may have low solubility in water, yet still be a strong electrolyte because the amount that does dissolve completely ionizes in water. Acetic Acid as a Weak Electrolyte Whether or not a substance dissolves in water is not the determining factor in its strength as an electrolyte. In other words, dissociation and dissolution are not the same things. For example, acetic acid (the acid found in vinegar) is extremely soluble in water. However, most of the acetic acid remains intact as its original molecule rather than its ionized form, ethanoate (CH3COO-). An equilibrium reaction plays a big role in this. Acetic acid dissolves in water an ionizes into ethanoate and the hydronium ion, but the equilibrium position is to the left (reactants are favored). In other words, when ethanoate and hydronium form, they readily return to acetic acid and water: CH3COOH H2O ⇆ CH3COO- H3O The small amount of product (ethanoate) makes acetic acid a weak electrolyte rather than a strong electrolyte.

Heres the Number One Resume Mistake Youre Making

Heres the Number One Resume Mistake Youre Making We spend so much time trying to craft the perfect resume in order to land our dream job. We’re all painfully aware how important that one little document can be in determining our futures. But what if there is one thing, one major mistake, that continues to stump recruiters and keep holding us back from achieving career success? And what if it would be a pretty easy fix for us to make sure we never make that one mistake? Good news and bad news. The good news is that this cardinal mistake is easily prevented and possible to fix. The bad news is: you’re probably guilty of having committed it at some point. It is rampant.That one mistake? Sloppiness. You guessed it. No matter how carefully you finesse the information and the layout of your resume. No matter how you choose your keywords and your formatting. No matter how kick-ass your job history. If you’re careless and don’t pay enough attention to the little details- or the spelling and grammar- on your resu me, you’re just as likely to have your document shredded as you are to be asked in for the interview.Don’t be lazy. Don’t forget to update your dates and jobs. Don’t forget to accurately list information that is up-to-date. Don’t include any irrelevant information. And don’t don’t don’t let it leave your email outbox with a single typo. That’s what spell check (and a few minutes of your careful reading time) is for.If you’re afraid you’ve spent too many hours looking at your own resume to catch any or all of these little errors, have a friend look it over for you. Just don’t let it out the door without making sure it’s as perfect as it possibly can be.

Role of the United States Contitution Paper Essay

Role of the United States Contitution Paper - Essay Example overnment in the development of a uniform system of trade as follows: â€Å"The Congress shall have power†¦..to regulate commerce with foreign nations and among several states and with Indian tribes.†(www.usconstitution,net). The United States Constitution thus spells out the regulatory role of the federal Government. This is very important because if businesses are allowed to operate completely without any kind of regulation, then there is a scope for abuses of business power to take place. For example, big corporations could turn themselves into monopolies and take over all the business, thus resulting in unfairness to customers who will be saddled with heavy prices at the whim of the monopoly. Such a move would also produce a lack of business fairness and opportunity for others to also flourish and thrive in the economy through the effective exercise of competition. But by allowing the federal Government to play a regulatory role, the national government can make use of its power to ensure that opportunities and resources are provided to a multiplicity of groups, so that there is potential for the balanced development of power rater than it becoming aggregated in the hands of a few wealthy corporations. The Government’s regulatory role extends to the development of sound monetary and banking systems and ensuring that adequate opportunity is provided to all, including those minority and disadvantaged sections of society who may not have the resources and wealth to make the best use of business opportunities existing in the economy. In the case of McCullogh v Maryland Justice Marshall found unquestionable evidence existing in the Constitution to support the position that the American people, who are in effect, the source of the Constitution, wished to accord to the Government, the powers to lay down taxes and to collect them, as well as to regulate commerce and since this was the intent of the people, it must have also been their intent that the national

Lord Burlington and William Kent - Chiswick House near London Research Paper

Lord Burlington and William Kent - Chiswick House near London - Research Paper Example This can be seen in Chiswick House, which is plainer and simpler in style than a Baroque building. The new belief in order and reason caused architects to draw up â€Å"rules† for good architecture and search for â€Å"good taste† in design (Curl 37). Buildings were designed using ideal geometric shapes such as the cube, rectangle and circle (Curl 40). This can be seen from the plan of the rooms at Chiswick House: there is a hexagonal (six-sided) hall in the centre, which is surrounded by square or rectangular rooms, and the whole building is shaped like a cube (the room plan is reproduced in Curl, 30). The eighteenth century saw important social changes. The monarchy and the church were declining in importance while the importance of the middle classes and the aristocracy was increasing (Black 269). A good example is the Earl of Burlington, the architect and owner of Chiswick House, who was an important patron of the arts and a private individual, not a royal. Aristocr ats were often landowners, and the eighteenth century was the great age of landscape gardening (Black 270). Chiswick House is surrounded by gardens, which were planned by Burlington’s assistant, William Kent. There was an increasing trend for aristocrats to go on a Grand Tour to Italy, to learn about ancient history and to collect works of art for their country houses (Black 293). Lord Burlington first visited Italy in 1714 and returned to Italy in 1719 to study buildings designed by Palladio, a great Renaissance architect. Chiswick House is modelled on Palladio’s Villa Rotonda, though it is not an exact copy. Chiswick House is smaller than the Villa Rotonda and it has a portico (with classical columns) on only one side of the building, while the Rotonda has porticos on all four sides (Steenbergen 131). Palladio and Burlington were both trying to recreate the villas of the ancient Romans. This may have had a political significance for Burlington, since he was a member of the British aristocracy, who modelled themselves on the â€Å"patricians† (aristocrats) of ancient Rome. Burlington did not actually live at Chiswick House: he used the building to display his art collection, hold concerts of music, and entertain his guests. The Enlightenment’s love of order and reason can be seen when we look at the front exterior of Chiswick House. The general effect is formal, symmetrical, and elegant. The stonework is quite plain. The only decoration is to be found in the elaborate (Corinthian) tops to the columns and the triangular tops to the two large windows. Two cleverly designed flights of steps lead up to the portico. The columns and the dome are important features of classical architecture. The interior of the house is much more colorful and elaborate, perhaps as a deliberate contrast to the rather plain exterior. Outside the house, at the bottom of the steps, there are statues of Palladio and Inigo Jones, who was the first English archi tect to design buildings in the Palladian style. This kind of symbolism continues inside the house. For example, the entrance to the central hall contains a bust of Augustus, who was the first Roman emperor. On the ceiling of the Blue Velvet Room there is a depiction of the goddess of architecture, and on the ceiling of the Green Velvet Room there is Mercury, god of commerce and the arts. The Chiswick House website suggests that Mercury could symbolise Burlington himself, a great patron of the arts. The use of symbolism extends into the gardens. There are statues of

American History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

American History - Essay Example Whatever the cause of one of the fiercest wars in American history, it is worth noting that the event is a good example of interconnection between economics, politics and race. The North was very different from the south in terms of the economy and this in turn affected the politics of the day with the central question being the place of slavery in the economy. Slavery on the other hand, was a strong indicator of racism in America as it was a sign of white supremacy which the Southern whites fought hard to keep. These slaves were very vital to the prosperity of the Southern economy and affected the politics of the day as it gave the slave owners the right to control politics (Egnal, 2009). These large plantation owners required slaves to tend to their cotton plantations thus were against abolition of slavery whereas the North most dependent on industries had no need for slaves thus advocated abolition. The aim of this paper is to show how politics, economics and race are interconnect ed. To achieve this, the paper will discuss one historical event where these issues are interconnected: the civil war. More so, it will discuss the causes of the war to show that it was a result of politics, economics and racism manifested in slavery. ... It is this high population that led to election of Abraham Lincoln as president in 1860 even without support from the south. As such, the north sought labor for its manufacturing sector and it was in form of free labor. This was due to the capitalistic economy and republican ideals which favored liberal policies as opposed to slavery. The north advocated for rapid economic modernization which entailed imposition of tariffs, internal improvements at the expense of government and introduction of a national bank (Engle, 2001). The north also had iron and coal deposits as well as enough water for moving the economy thus were favored by the tariffs. On the other hand, the south did not have minerals and as such relied on agricultural production to drive the economy especially cotton plantations. The cotton produced would be sent to the north for manufacturing as there were no industries in the south. Owing to this fact, the south was against introduction of a national bank and internal im provement at federal expense as it only favored the north (Egnal, 2009). There were few plantation owners and few small farmers in the south thus the plantation owners controlled the economy of the south. Due to the expansive plantations owned by the whites, extensive labor was needed and this was sourced from slavery. Slaves were brought in from Africa and these were considered inferior than whites hence prevalence of racism. The southern economy was dependent on slave labor hence the quest for secession to avoid the outcome of the abolitionist movement that was cropping up in the north. The civil war thus was prompted by the differences in the economies of the two regions and

The Importance Of Partisanship And The Young Vote Politics Essay

The Importance Of Partisanship And The Young Vote Politics Essay In todays elections, a significant role is played by young voters, so the consideration of partisanship and the young vote is critical to the success of any campaign strategy. It is an absolute necessity to target young voters between the ages of eighteen and twenty nine because their citizenship is numbering approximately 44 million. In an effort to build long-term political power, this young vote will be aggressively pursued since this vote will shape the way these voters vote for decades (Rock the Vote 5). Taking on the task of campaign advisor for the Democratic Party 2012 presidential campaign is no easy job. This task requires being very well organized, efficient, effective and running a successful campaign based on positive purpose and poise. With that in mind, I plan to devise some extremely effective strategies on how to obtain and secure votes for the Democratic Party presidential hopeful on Election Day 2012. With careful planning and the ability to stay focused, the Democratic Party will be victorious. It is crucial that the young voters are not neglected. They must be made aware of how their votes, views and opinions are important to the growing and ever changing economy. My decision on a party identification was molded by the views of my parents. When I was young, I recalled proclaiming to my mother that when I grow up I will choose the party that my mother was clearly and adamantly against. Needless to say, she gave me a look and a lecture as to why my decision should reflect hers. I share this information with you because Im absolutely sure I do not stand alone in how I chose my political party. Family plays a significant role in how their child will choose a political party. In Flanigan and Zingales Partisans and Partisan Change, more than two-thirds of the electorate identify with their parents party if both parents had the same party identification. . . Children pick up the partisanship of their parents while young. . . (104). Although, the childs decision is subject to change once he or she becomes of age to vote, it is important that candidates ensure these voters that they are important and that their voices will be heard. The campaigns mission is to not only to obtain the young vote but also to transpose these young voters from being weak partisans to strong democratic votes. This would not only make certain presidential triumph but could also assist the Democratic Party in regaining control of the House in the next congressional election. Strong partisans are also more likely to vote in all kinds of elections than are either weak partisans or independents. In fact, one explanation sometimes offered for the low turnout in the late twentieth century was the declining partisanship of the American public (Flanigan Zingales 93). I plan on using sources such as door to door visits, phone calling, and town hall meetings within colleges and universities and social networks to introduce the president. Through these devices the youths will be notified of presidents agenda, accomplishments and how his presidency will not neglect them but, address concerns for the economy. It is also important that education, tuition, employment, health care cost and global warming are spoken about with certainty and absolute reassurance and that the direction the president is taking is best for them and generations thereafter and not just an immediate and temporary solution. The strategies used to engage the youths are not only cost effective but also informative for the voter and the volunteer. Youths need information and guidance, their voice needs to be heard, and their opinions are also vital to the campaign. We must stay mobilized. Canvassing neighborhoods with door to door contact is an effective strategy. Each neighborhood will be approached by someone of the same ethnic background. This will help to instill a sense of commonality among the two. It has been studied that canvassing has been known to produce a habitual voter (Young Voter Mobilization Tactic 7). According to the research in Young Voter Mobilization Tactic, Overall, we consistently found a 7 to 10 percentage point increase among young voters contacted through a door-to-door canvass- a good reason to keep young voters on your walk lists. Canvassing is especially beneficial in dense student neighborhoods and apartment buildings where you can reach more people in less time. . . (9). Phone calls are also an excellent method in producing a huge voter turnout on Election Day. It has also been noted that calls consisting of a live person with a more conversational approach is effective and also informative for the voter of the candidates agenda (Young Voter Mobilization Tactic 12). A study showed that on average, good phone call campaigns generated a 2 to 5 percentage point increase in turnout (Young Voter Mobilization Tactic 13). We live in an era where technology is a vital source of everyday living. There is no avoiding it from a 5 year old playing with handheld games to a 60 year old having to conform to the new electronic ballot machines. The use of technology is inevitable therefore this campaign will ardently focus on this area. This is why I propose the use of on online social networks like: Face book, My Space, and Twitter. Todays youth spend more time online checking their social network pages and emails so it is critical that I tap into this group. The campaign will take advantage of these websites and create an open chat and group forum where the youths can collectively express their ideas, concerns, interest, and complaints regarding their political preference. Via these websites, detailed information about the presidents initiatives can be presented to the readers. As per the poll conducted in 2006 in Rock The Vote it showed that 88 percent of 18-29 year olds are online (compared to 32 percent of those 65 and older); 70 percent of 18-30 year olds use the Internet daily and two-thirds check their email daily; About one-quarter of 18-30 year olds use communications such as Face book or instant messaging. . . (5). Image is an important aspect of my campaign. In 2008, Barack Obama was sold to the masses as a young and vibrant candidate that will produce change in American politics. By doing so, it was easier for the Democratic Party to sell the idea to young voters and in earnest produced a higher voter turnout within the population of the young. It is essential that the voters can relate and share common interests with the candidate. As it was best stated in a reading by Flanigan and Zingale, Vote Choice and Electoral Decisions, The voter would feel a sense of displacement if they are unable to make a connection with the candidate. Partisanship and party imaging are not synonymous, however, because individuals often hold unfavorable perceptions of their party without changing party identification yet, at some point, negative images of ones own party or positive perceptions of the other party undoubtedly lead to partisan change (221). Not only is image an important factor in this campaign but also public opinion. The president and the entire campaign body must be made aware of what the public will and will not tolerate. This is vital information that is undoubtedly imperative to have. It is noted that past presidents have relied on public opinion polls to educate them on citizens thoughts and how such opinions can help the President create a strong following (Kernell Jacobson Kousser 446). Party identification, like other attitudes, affects beliefs as well as opinions. Attitudes introduce bias into perceptions and interpretations of political information because people tend to pay more attention and give more credence to information that confirms rather than challenges their beliefs following (Kernell Jacobson Kousser 472). This is why the president should conduct various polls of himself pertaining to his views and policies. He must also be aware of the polls conducted on the opposing candidate and have a keen awareness of the attitudes, beliefs, thinking, social issues and predispositions of the public. Anything that may affect the campaign for greater good or worst should be known. Public opinion is essential knowledge or else the candidate is running a blind campaign. Many qualities and attributes are needed to run a successful campaign. The relationship between the candidate and his party with the public is vital to the campaign. Image, his views on issues and policies are what may connect or disconnect him from his voters. Communication is essential; the campaign must focus on a set of targeted voters and stay focused until the task is accomplished. Everyone must be aware of his agenda in order to do so the candidate himself must know what drives and motivates his voters to vote.

Philip Augustus :: essays research papers

Philip Augustus, otherwise known as Philip II, was born on August 21, 1165 to Louis VII of France and Adà ¨le of Champagne. He was born in Paris, France. His father had declining health and crowned him King in 1179. Philip Augustus?s reign would be a big time of development of the Medieval Kingdom of France. On April 28, 1180, Philip Augustus married Isabelle of Hainut. His father died on September 18, 1180. A little time before he died, he had his first grandchild, Louis VIII, who was born to Philip Augustus and Isabelle of Hainut on September 5, 1187. Philip Augustus merged France into one kingdom. He seized the territories of Maine, Touraine, Anjou, Brittany, and all of Nomandy from King John of England. He killed King John in the Battle of Bouvines and ended the threats to the expansion of his kingdom. He was now left as the most powerful monarch in all of Europe. Philip Augustus went on the Third Crusade with Richard the Lionhearted and the Roman emperor, Fredrick I Barbarossa. His army left with the others? on July 1, 1190. The armies split at Lyons so Richard could go over sea and he could go over the Alps into Genoa. They reunited and camped for the winter together in Messina. On March 1, 1190, he set sail for the Holy Land and launched several assaults on Acre. Acre finally surrendered on July 12, and Philip left terribly ill. He had no interest in further crusading and returned to France on July 31, 1191. He married again to Ingeborg of Denmark on August 15, 1193. He didn?t like her and asked for a divorce. He refused to crown her as his queen. She refused to divorce him. In the meantime, he married for a third time to Princess Agnà ¨s of Mà ¨ranie. He had two children with her, Marie and Philippe Hurepel. Pope Innocent said this marriage was void because he was still married to Ingeborg. He ordered Philip to part with Agnà ¨s, but he refused.

Back to the Future: the Work and Influence of Filippo Marinetti & Umberto Boccioni

Back to the Future The work and influence of Filippo Marinetti & Umberto Boccioni In Europe the transition from the 19th to the 20th century witnessed the emergence of a number of artistic and social movements which left a great impact on societies, not only in Europe but also worldwide. Movements such as Futurism, Dadaism, Surrealism, and Constructivism played an important role in changing society for the better by using their design and art practices.This era also witnessed a number of ideological and cultural changes in many fields such as psychology, philosophy, arts, and technology. Behind the popularity of Dada, Surrealism, Constructivism, Art Deco, and also Vorticism, there was a strong idea of Futurism which incorporated elements of technology, speed, violence, and mechanical objects such as cars, airplanes, and bicycles. Futurism was largely an Italian based movement, however there were other versions of the movement happening around the world, including Russia, and England. .Most Futurists practiced in various mediums of art. According to Anonymous (2010), sculpture, painting, architecture, ceramics, industrial design, interior design, graphic design, theatre and film, textiles, and literature were all acceptable mediums for The Futurists. Two of the more notorious Futurists were Filippo Marinetti, and Umberto Boccioni. Marinetti’s Manifesto of Futurism and Boccioni’s plastic dynamism and sculpture, Unique Forms of Continuity in Space are two very well known pieces of art which played an important role in the popularity of Futurism.The works of the two futurists inspired many artists of their time and are still well known amongst contemporary artists. When the French newspaper, Le Figaro, published on its front page a manifesto about an artistic group, no one knew about the author. The manifesto was written by an EgyptianItalian named Filippo Marinetti, who was based in Milan and was one of the founding fathers of Futurism. The literary p iece was about Le Futurism, the foundation manifesto of the artistic group which was in the process of forming. Marinetti was a natural born writer he wrote from a very young age.He studied in Paris, where he furthered his love for literature. Marinetti’s rebellious nature caused him some difficulties even at this age. He faced the threat of expulsion when he tried to publish Emile Zola’s scandalous novels through the school magazine. (Harrison 2003, 35) Shortly after the manifesto was published Marinetti was thrust into the public eye, gaining notoriety amongst his contemporaries who saw that he would introduce large changes in the art world. However he was severely criticized by some artists because of his passionate hate for old art and politics.In the article, Marinetti idealized the beauty of modern life and discussed the benefits of machinery, speed, violence, and youth. He talked about the transformation of Italian culture in a new artistic world. According to H enning (2006), Marinetti’s manifesto was not welcomed by most historians who saw it as an attack against history, and historicism. They were of the view that Marinetti joined anti-musuem sentiment with nationalism. Even though the manifesto was published in a French newspaper, it received a large response from Italy. The manifesto was published in the French newspaper Le Figaro, but he emphasized its source -’from Italy’- at the same time as he rejected the museum culture of Italy, and by implication France too, in the effort to pronounce himself of the present, and of the future. Marinetti associated museums with an obsessions with the past which was corrupting and infecting the body of the nation. † (Henning 2006, 39) Marinetti’s manifesto continued to gain popularity from contemporary artists and draw criticism from contemporary historians.His opposition to museums were considered a threat to the connection between ancient art and literature. In 1916, when Marinetti introduced the manifesto ‘The New Religion-Morality of Speed’, it was clear that it had some connection with the past. Though Marinetti adorned this manifesto with technological excitement, he used the parody of religious language, which confused his critics. ‘The New Religion’ has received a strong response from authors over time. For example Blum (1996) see in the manifesto a strong logic for Futurism. The binary structuring of reality is tied to the founding of a new religion. In ‘La nuova religione-role della velocita’ (The New Religion-Morality of Speed; 1916), Marinetti argues that speed, whose essence is ‘the intuitive synthesis of all forces in movement,’ is, by nature, pure. † (Blum 1996, 34) Despite a strict Catholic upbringing, Marinetti was an open opponent of religion, especially the influence of The Vatican in Italy. He was greatly influenced by his fathers interest in the history of religio n. He had great command of the use of religious language, but always with an anti-clerical tone.For example, in his manifesto, ‘Against the Papacy and the Catholic Mentality, Repositories of Every Kind of Traditionalism’, Marinetti launched a campaign for the liberation of Italy from The Vatican. Despite there being clear anti-Catholic tirades in his two manifestos-Against Spain, and Against the Papacy and the Catholic Mentality- one can easily find a solid religious foundation within his writings. Bru and Martens (2006) see a connection between the manifestos. They are of the opinion that despite a gap of over nine years between the publication of the two manifestos, little change is seen in his views of religion. Marinetti expressed his anti-Catholic sentiments in the manifestos, Against Spain (1910) and Against the Papacy and the Catholics Mentality, Repositories of Every Kind of Traditionalism (1919). He was fervently supported by Settimelli, whose brochure Svatican amento: Dichiarazione agli italiani, attacked the Vatican in such strong term that it was sequestered and its author taken to court. † (Bru and Martens 2006, 179) Berghaus (2009) has found genuinely innovative elements in the manifestos of Marinetti. He is of the opinion that Marinetti’s manifestos propagate the futurist reform of lifestyle. Marinetti was opposed to any fetishization of the muscular body and was highly critical of the Fascist adoption of sporting spectacles for the purpose of indoctrination. He was interested in healthy bodies with agile minds. Modern physical culture was an ally in his battle against decadence, materialism, and outdated values. † (Berghaus 2009, 33) Therefore, it can be said that the hidden religious characteristics of Marinetti helped to construct his anti-Catholic and anti-clerical campaign. It is obvious that he developed this quality because of his father’s close connection with religion and religious symbolism.Marinet ti’s role in giving a significant position to Futurism in the cultural history of the twentieth century cannot be ignored. Italian painter and sculptor Boccioni is considered to be one of Italy’s most important Futurists. He laid a strong foundation for the concept of Futurism in Italy. Boccioni, who studied art in Rome’s Scuola Libera del Nudo a the Accademia dil Belle Arti, launched a campaign in 1914 to transform Italy, and introduce Plastic Dynamism. His encounter with Futurism came after many years of studying the psychology of artistic dilemmas.He used powerful plastic forms to convey a concept of movement both intrinsic and relative to the object’s environment. After studying the Impressionists and Post-Impressionists in Paris. Boccioni played a very important role in the establishment of Futurism in Italy in 1911. This was time when Futurism had formed an idiosyncratic and vibrant style, with earl stages of pointillism giving way to a softer, less distinct neo-impressionisitic aesthetic. Smith (1997) says that because of Boccioni’s stern anti-traditional notions, researchers often find a similarity between himself and Marinetti’s ideologies.The response of the two Futurists towards tradition and the influence of religion on society in Italy is very similar indeed. However, according to Smith, Boccioni is differs slightly in his ideas about modernism. â€Å"Although most writers on Futurism accept that Boccioni was caught up by Marinetti’s ideology, most have isolated his work from his proto-Facist politics. His work is thus discussed primarily in terms of his use of the formal devices for the representation of modernity that the Futurists advocated in their manifesto; theories of modernism and various forms of contemporary philosophy are also invoked. (Smith 1997, 111) Like Marinetti, Boccioni audaciously attacked traditional values in his book ‘Pittura e scultura futuriste (dinamismo plastico)â⠂¬â„¢. He announced that his ideas n Plastic Dynamism would function as an anti-traditional idea, and revive not only Italy, but the whole world. In plastic dynamism, Boccioni tried to find a connection between plastic form, and it’s surrounding space. Boccioni has received great attention from Hays (2000) who has closely researched the development of Plastic Dynamism.The author gives credit to Boccioni in the development of new theories in the genre. â€Å"A more essential evolution of these problems, and one closer to the scientific movement that emancipated physical theory from the old notion of matter and its correlative space, is the basis of the new plastic theories developed by the Futurist Umberto Boccioni in his writings on Plastic Dynamism. † (Hays 2000), 592) Boccioni, in his writing severely criticized the traditional aesthetic taste of a democratic states, and said they were largely comprised of pseudo-intellectuals, anarchists, and socialists.He held Enri co Ferri, the socialist editor of L’Avanti in high regard, but was also supportive of Enrico Corradini, the nationalist novelist and journalist. Despite Boccioni’s criticism of the Italian Nationalist Association for it failure to assist the futurists in promoting the movement politically, he was of the view that Corradini’s nationalist beliefs were a beacon of hope in a corrupt society. Boccioni studied closely both the nature of an object in motion and its visual revolution in relation to the environment through which it travels.Contrary to traditionalists, his plastic dynamism was a regeneration of plastic consciousness which rejected the devastating effects of democratic-rationalist education. (Kwinter, 2001, 61) Therefore it would not be wrong to say that the aesthetics of Plastic Dynamism which Boccioni highlighted in his writing was anti-democratic as well as anti-traditional. According to Harte (2009), Boccioni, despite his inspiration from the Avant Gar de art movements of Picasso and Braque, presented his ideas in a different style. Unlike the cubists, Picasso and Braque, who fragmented the painted object with little regard for its relationship to the surrounding world, Boccioni and his fellow futurists emphasized an aestheticised object’s interaction with that world, regarding this interaction as critical to a successful expression of rapid movement on the static canvas or through three dimensional, sculpted forms. † (Harte 2009, 18) Boccioni’s understanding of the fourth dimension successfully bound the theory of space to a temporal idea of revolution.This understanding makes Boccioni prominent amongst other Futurists. The study of the work and writings of both Boccioni and Marinetti make it clear that without an understanding of these two figures, it is difficult to understand the concept of Futurism itself. These two Futurists played an important role in sparking people’s interest in the Futurist mov ement, created a template not only for artistic ideas, but also for cultural and social disobedience and a fundamental opposition to traditional aesthetic, moral and political opinions.They each attempted to clarify the Futurist’s ideals and their work left a great impact on society. Smith (1997) provides further evidence of the ideological connection between Boccioni and Marinetti. â€Å"Boccioni and Marinetti founded a movement based on speed. With the death of it’s leading artists, Boccioni, Futurism died fast. † (Strickland and Boswell 2007, 139) References Anonymous (2010) Futurism: Futurist Manifesto, Suite Vollard Enrico Prampolini, General Books LLC, New York Anonymous Berghaus, G. 2009) Futurism and the Technological Imagination, Rodopi, Amsterdam Blum, C S. (1996) The Other Modernism: F. T. Marinetti’s Futurist Fiction of Power, University of California Press, California Bru, S. , and Martens, G. (2006) The Invention of Politics in the European Avant-garde, Rodolphi, Amsterdam Harrison, A. (2003) D. H. Lawrence and Italian Futurism: A Study of Influence, Rodopi, Harte, T. (2009) Fast Forward The Aesthetics and Ideology of Speed in Russian Avant-Garde Culture, University of Wisconsin Press, Wisconsin Hays, M. 2000) Architecture Theory Since 1968, MIT Press, Cambridge Henning, M. (2006) Museums, Media, and Cultural Theory. McGraw-Hill International, London Smith, T E. (1997) Invisible Touch: Modernism and Masculinity, University of Chicago Press, Chicago Strickland, C. , and Boswell J (2007) The Annotated Mona Lisa: A Crash Course in Art History from Prehistoric to Post Modern. Andrews McMeel Publishing, Riverside, NJ Figure 1. Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, 1913, Umberto Boccioni From: http://www. octorhugo. org/synaesthesia/art/ Figure 2. Dynamism of a cyclist, painting, 1913, Umberto Boccioni From: http://artsforhealthmmu. blogspot. com/2011/08/blog-post. html Figure 3. Futurist Manifesto, newspaper article, 1917, F ilippo Marinetti From: http://www. collezioni-f. it/marinetti01. jpg Figure 4. Parole in Liberta, book illustration, 1917, Filippo Marinetti From: http://blanchardmodernart. blogspot. com/2010/10/cubism-and-futurism. html Back to the Future: the Work and Influence of Filippo Marinetti & Umberto Boccioni Back to the Future The work and influence of Filippo Marinetti & Umberto Boccioni In Europe the transition from the 19th to the 20th century witnessed the emergence of a number of artistic and social movements which left a great impact on societies, not only in Europe but also worldwide. Movements such as Futurism, Dadaism, Surrealism, and Constructivism played an important role in changing society for the better by using their design and art practices.This era also witnessed a number of ideological and cultural changes in many fields such as psychology, philosophy, arts, and technology. Behind the popularity of Dada, Surrealism, Constructivism, Art Deco, and also Vorticism, there was a strong idea of Futurism which incorporated elements of technology, speed, violence, and mechanical objects such as cars, airplanes, and bicycles. Futurism was largely an Italian based movement, however there were other versions of the movement happening around the world, including Russia, and England. .Most Futurists practiced in various mediums of art. According to Anonymous (2010), sculpture, painting, architecture, ceramics, industrial design, interior design, graphic design, theatre and film, textiles, and literature were all acceptable mediums for The Futurists. Two of the more notorious Futurists were Filippo Marinetti, and Umberto Boccioni. Marinetti’s Manifesto of Futurism and Boccioni’s plastic dynamism and sculpture, Unique Forms of Continuity in Space are two very well known pieces of art which played an important role in the popularity of Futurism.The works of the two futurists inspired many artists of their time and are still well known amongst contemporary artists. When the French newspaper, Le Figaro, published on its front page a manifesto about an artistic group, no one knew about the author. The manifesto was written by an EgyptianItalian named Filippo Marinetti, who was based in Milan and was one of the founding fathers of Futurism. The literary p iece was about Le Futurism, the foundation manifesto of the artistic group which was in the process of forming. Marinetti was a natural born writer he wrote from a very young age.He studied in Paris, where he furthered his love for literature. Marinetti’s rebellious nature caused him some difficulties even at this age. He faced the threat of expulsion when he tried to publish Emile Zola’s scandalous novels through the school magazine. (Harrison 2003, 35) Shortly after the manifesto was published Marinetti was thrust into the public eye, gaining notoriety amongst his contemporaries who saw that he would introduce large changes in the art world. However he was severely criticized by some artists because of his passionate hate for old art and politics.In the article, Marinetti idealized the beauty of modern life and discussed the benefits of machinery, speed, violence, and youth. He talked about the transformation of Italian culture in a new artistic world. According to H enning (2006), Marinetti’s manifesto was not welcomed by most historians who saw it as an attack against history, and historicism. They were of the view that Marinetti joined anti-musuem sentiment with nationalism. Even though the manifesto was published in a French newspaper, it received a large response from Italy. The manifesto was published in the French newspaper Le Figaro, but he emphasized its source -’from Italy’- at the same time as he rejected the museum culture of Italy, and by implication France too, in the effort to pronounce himself of the present, and of the future. Marinetti associated museums with an obsessions with the past which was corrupting and infecting the body of the nation. † (Henning 2006, 39) Marinetti’s manifesto continued to gain popularity from contemporary artists and draw criticism from contemporary historians.His opposition to museums were considered a threat to the connection between ancient art and literature. In 1916, when Marinetti introduced the manifesto ‘The New Religion-Morality of Speed’, it was clear that it had some connection with the past. Though Marinetti adorned this manifesto with technological excitement, he used the parody of religious language, which confused his critics. ‘The New Religion’ has received a strong response from authors over time. For example Blum (1996) see in the manifesto a strong logic for Futurism. The binary structuring of reality is tied to the founding of a new religion. In ‘La nuova religione-role della velocita’ (The New Religion-Morality of Speed; 1916), Marinetti argues that speed, whose essence is ‘the intuitive synthesis of all forces in movement,’ is, by nature, pure. † (Blum 1996, 34) Despite a strict Catholic upbringing, Marinetti was an open opponent of religion, especially the influence of The Vatican in Italy. He was greatly influenced by his fathers interest in the history of religio n. He had great command of the use of religious language, but always with an anti-clerical tone.For example, in his manifesto, ‘Against the Papacy and the Catholic Mentality, Repositories of Every Kind of Traditionalism’, Marinetti launched a campaign for the liberation of Italy from The Vatican. Despite there being clear anti-Catholic tirades in his two manifestos-Against Spain, and Against the Papacy and the Catholic Mentality- one can easily find a solid religious foundation within his writings. Bru and Martens (2006) see a connection between the manifestos. They are of the opinion that despite a gap of over nine years between the publication of the two manifestos, little change is seen in his views of religion. Marinetti expressed his anti-Catholic sentiments in the manifestos, Against Spain (1910) and Against the Papacy and the Catholics Mentality, Repositories of Every Kind of Traditionalism (1919). He was fervently supported by Settimelli, whose brochure Svatican amento: Dichiarazione agli italiani, attacked the Vatican in such strong term that it was sequestered and its author taken to court. † (Bru and Martens 2006, 179) Berghaus (2009) has found genuinely innovative elements in the manifestos of Marinetti. He is of the opinion that Marinetti’s manifestos propagate the futurist reform of lifestyle. Marinetti was opposed to any fetishization of the muscular body and was highly critical of the Fascist adoption of sporting spectacles for the purpose of indoctrination. He was interested in healthy bodies with agile minds. Modern physical culture was an ally in his battle against decadence, materialism, and outdated values. † (Berghaus 2009, 33) Therefore, it can be said that the hidden religious characteristics of Marinetti helped to construct his anti-Catholic and anti-clerical campaign. It is obvious that he developed this quality because of his father’s close connection with religion and religious symbolism.Marinet ti’s role in giving a significant position to Futurism in the cultural history of the twentieth century cannot be ignored. Italian painter and sculptor Boccioni is considered to be one of Italy’s most important Futurists. He laid a strong foundation for the concept of Futurism in Italy. Boccioni, who studied art in Rome’s Scuola Libera del Nudo a the Accademia dil Belle Arti, launched a campaign in 1914 to transform Italy, and introduce Plastic Dynamism. His encounter with Futurism came after many years of studying the psychology of artistic dilemmas.He used powerful plastic forms to convey a concept of movement both intrinsic and relative to the object’s environment. After studying the Impressionists and Post-Impressionists in Paris. Boccioni played a very important role in the establishment of Futurism in Italy in 1911. This was time when Futurism had formed an idiosyncratic and vibrant style, with earl stages of pointillism giving way to a softer, less distinct neo-impressionisitic aesthetic. Smith (1997) says that because of Boccioni’s stern anti-traditional notions, researchers often find a similarity between himself and Marinetti’s ideologies.The response of the two Futurists towards tradition and the influence of religion on society in Italy is very similar indeed. However, according to Smith, Boccioni is differs slightly in his ideas about modernism. â€Å"Although most writers on Futurism accept that Boccioni was caught up by Marinetti’s ideology, most have isolated his work from his proto-Facist politics. His work is thus discussed primarily in terms of his use of the formal devices for the representation of modernity that the Futurists advocated in their manifesto; theories of modernism and various forms of contemporary philosophy are also invoked. (Smith 1997, 111) Like Marinetti, Boccioni audaciously attacked traditional values in his book ‘Pittura e scultura futuriste (dinamismo plastico)â⠂¬â„¢. He announced that his ideas n Plastic Dynamism would function as an anti-traditional idea, and revive not only Italy, but the whole world. In plastic dynamism, Boccioni tried to find a connection between plastic form, and it’s surrounding space. Boccioni has received great attention from Hays (2000) who has closely researched the development of Plastic Dynamism.The author gives credit to Boccioni in the development of new theories in the genre. â€Å"A more essential evolution of these problems, and one closer to the scientific movement that emancipated physical theory from the old notion of matter and its correlative space, is the basis of the new plastic theories developed by the Futurist Umberto Boccioni in his writings on Plastic Dynamism. † (Hays 2000), 592) Boccioni, in his writing severely criticized the traditional aesthetic taste of a democratic states, and said they were largely comprised of pseudo-intellectuals, anarchists, and socialists.He held Enri co Ferri, the socialist editor of L’Avanti in high regard, but was also supportive of Enrico Corradini, the nationalist novelist and journalist. Despite Boccioni’s criticism of the Italian Nationalist Association for it failure to assist the futurists in promoting the movement politically, he was of the view that Corradini’s nationalist beliefs were a beacon of hope in a corrupt society. Boccioni studied closely both the nature of an object in motion and its visual revolution in relation to the environment through which it travels.Contrary to traditionalists, his plastic dynamism was a regeneration of plastic consciousness which rejected the devastating effects of democratic-rationalist education. (Kwinter, 2001, 61) Therefore it would not be wrong to say that the aesthetics of Plastic Dynamism which Boccioni highlighted in his writing was anti-democratic as well as anti-traditional. According to Harte (2009), Boccioni, despite his inspiration from the Avant Gar de art movements of Picasso and Braque, presented his ideas in a different style. Unlike the cubists, Picasso and Braque, who fragmented the painted object with little regard for its relationship to the surrounding world, Boccioni and his fellow futurists emphasized an aestheticised object’s interaction with that world, regarding this interaction as critical to a successful expression of rapid movement on the static canvas or through three dimensional, sculpted forms. † (Harte 2009, 18) Boccioni’s understanding of the fourth dimension successfully bound the theory of space to a temporal idea of revolution.This understanding makes Boccioni prominent amongst other Futurists. The study of the work and writings of both Boccioni and Marinetti make it clear that without an understanding of these two figures, it is difficult to understand the concept of Futurism itself. These two Futurists played an important role in sparking people’s interest in the Futurist mov ement, created a template not only for artistic ideas, but also for cultural and social disobedience and a fundamental opposition to traditional aesthetic, moral and political opinions.They each attempted to clarify the Futurist’s ideals and their work left a great impact on society. Smith (1997) provides further evidence of the ideological connection between Boccioni and Marinetti. â€Å"Boccioni and Marinetti founded a movement based on speed. With the death of it’s leading artists, Boccioni, Futurism died fast. † (Strickland and Boswell 2007, 139) References Anonymous (2010) Futurism: Futurist Manifesto, Suite Vollard Enrico Prampolini, General Books LLC, New York Anonymous Berghaus, G. 2009) Futurism and the Technological Imagination, Rodopi, Amsterdam Blum, C S. (1996) The Other Modernism: F. T. Marinetti’s Futurist Fiction of Power, University of California Press, California Bru, S. , and Martens, G. (2006) The Invention of Politics in the European Avant-garde, Rodolphi, Amsterdam Harrison, A. (2003) D. H. Lawrence and Italian Futurism: A Study of Influence, Rodopi, Harte, T. (2009) Fast Forward The Aesthetics and Ideology of Speed in Russian Avant-Garde Culture, University of Wisconsin Press, Wisconsin Hays, M. 2000) Architecture Theory Since 1968, MIT Press, Cambridge Henning, M. (2006) Museums, Media, and Cultural Theory. McGraw-Hill International, London Smith, T E. (1997) Invisible Touch: Modernism and Masculinity, University of Chicago Press, Chicago Strickland, C. , and Boswell J (2007) The Annotated Mona Lisa: A Crash Course in Art History from Prehistoric to Post Modern. Andrews McMeel Publishing, Riverside, NJ Figure 1. Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, 1913, Umberto Boccioni From: http://www. octorhugo. org/synaesthesia/art/ Figure 2. Dynamism of a cyclist, painting, 1913, Umberto Boccioni From: http://artsforhealthmmu. blogspot. com/2011/08/blog-post. html Figure 3. Futurist Manifesto, newspaper article, 1917, F ilippo Marinetti From: http://www. collezioni-f. it/marinetti01. jpg Figure 4. Parole in Liberta, book illustration, 1917, Filippo Marinetti From: http://blanchardmodernart. blogspot. com/2010/10/cubism-and-futurism. html

Life of Adele Essay

Better known simply as Adele, is an English singer, songwriter and musician. Adele Laurie Blue Adkins was born in Tottenham, north London, England, to Penny Adkins, an English teenager, and Mark Evans, a Welshman, on 5 May 1988. Evans walked out on Adele when she was two, leaving her 20-year-old mother to raise her single-handedly, for which Adele has still not forgiven him. She began singing at age four and asserts that she became obsessed with voices. Adele has cited the Spice Girls as a major influence in regard to her love and passion for music, stating that â€Å"they made me what I am today. † At the age of nine, Adele and her mother, a furniture-maker and adult learning activities organiser, relocated to Brighton. She remains an ardent fan of her hometown Premier League football club Tottenham Hotspur. At 11, she and her mother moved to Brixton, and then to neighbouring district West Norwood, in south London. West Norwood is the subject for Adele’s first record, â€Å"Hometown Glory†, written when she was 16. After moving to south London, she became interested in R&B artists such as Aaliyah, Destiny’s Child and Mary J. Blige. Adele says that one of the most defining moments in her life was when she watched Pink perform at Brixton Academy. Adele graduated from the BRIT School for Performing Arts & Technology in Croydon in May 2006, where she was a classmate of Leona Lewis and Jessie J.  Adele credits the school with nurturing her talent even though at the time she was more interested in going into A&R and hoped to launch other people’s careers. Her debut album, 19, was released in 2008 to much commercial and critical success. Adele released her second album, 21, in early 2011. The album was well received critically and surpassed the success of her debut, earning the singer six Grammy Awards in 2012 including Album of the Year, equalling the record for most Grammy Awards won by a female artist in one night. The success of 21 earned Adele numerous mentions in the Guinness World Records. She is the first artist to sell more than 3 million copies of an album in a year in the UK. With her two albums and the first two singles from 21, â€Å"Rolling in the Deep† and â€Å"Someone Like You†, Adele became the first living artist to achieve the feat of having two top-five hits in both the UK Official Singles Chart and the Official Albums Chart simultaneously since The Beatles in 1964.

Calcium Carbonate and Ca2+ Ions Essays

Calcium Carbonate and Ca2+ Ions Essays Calcium Carbonate and Ca2+ Ions Paper Calcium Carbonate and Ca2+ Ions Paper Experiment. EDTA Titration of Ca2+ in an unknown solution Experiment. EDTA Titration of Ca2+ in an unknown water sample Modified 9/2012 Objective: The most common multivalent metal ions in natural waters are Ca2+ and Mg2+. In this experiment, you will find the total concentration of calcium ions that can react with EDTA with the assumptions that EDTA reacts 1:1 with metal (Ca2+) ions. Equipment 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask (3) 50-mL Buret Ring-stand and hardware Desiccator 400-mL Beaker 500-mL Vol. flask 250-mL Vol. flask 1. 0-mL Vol Pipette 100-mL Grad cylinder Hot plate Safety and Waste Disposal Chemicals Buffer (pH 10): Add 142 mL of 28 wt % aqueous NH3 to 17. 5 g of NH4Cl and dilute to 250 mL with water. Eriochrome black T indicator: Dissolve 0. 2 g of the solid indicator in 15 mL of triethanolamine plus 5 mL of absolute ethanol. 50 wt % NaOH: Dissolve 100 g of NaOH in 100 g of H2O in a 250-mL plastic bottle. Store tightly capped. When you remove solution with a pipet, try not to disturb the solid Na2CO3 precipitate. Discussion: Hard water is due to metal ions (minerals) that are dissolved in the ground water. These minerals include Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, SO42-, and HCO3-. Generally hard water arises because rainwater moves through limestone, CaCO3 underground that occurs in our area to the aquifer. This is why we measure hardness in terms of CaCO3. The concentration of the Ca2+ ions is greater than the concentration of any other metal ion in our water. The determination of water hardness is routinely used to measure the quality of water that the general public uses. Originally, water hardness was defined as the measure of the capacity of the water to precipitate soap. Hard water is not a health hazard since the main chemical in hard water is calcium. People regularly take calcium supplements. In fact, hard water can be a source of necessary minerals (calcium and magnesium) that is necessary for good health. Indeed, the National Academy of Science go so far as stating that that consuming extremely hard water could be a major contributor of calcium and magnesium to the diet. The problem with hard water is that it cause soap scum, clog pipes and clog boilers. Soap scum is formed when the calcium ion binds with the soap. This causes an insoluble compound that precipitates to form the scum you see. Soap actually softens hard water by removing the Ca2+ ions from the water. When hard water is heated, CaCO3 precipitates out, which then clogs pipes and industrial boilers. This leads to malfunction or damage and is expensive to remove. There are two types of water hardness, temporary and permanent. Temporary hardness is due to the bicarbonate ion, HCO3-, being present in the water. This type of hardness can be removed by boiling the water to expel the CO2, as indicated by the following equation: HCO3- (aq) ? H2O (l) + CO2 (g). Because bicarbonate can be removed it is classified as temporary hardness. Permanent hardness is due to the presence of the ions Ca2+, Mg+2, Fe3+ and SO4-2. Because boiling cannot eliminate this type of hardness, the water is said to be permanently hard. The table below shows the degree of hardness of the water in terms of its calcium carbonate concentration in ppm and grains. Hardness rating Soft Medium Hard Hard Very Hard Concentration of Calcium Carbonate (mg/L or ppm) 0 75 75 to 150 150 to 300 300 and greater Concentration of Calcium Carbonate (grains/US gallon) 0 to 5. 2 5. 2 to 10. 5 10. 5 to 21 21 and greater Permanent hardness is usually determined by titrating it with a standard solution of ethylenediamminetetraacetic acid, EDTA. The EDTA is a complexing, or chelating agent used to capture the metal ions. This causes water to soften, but the metal ions however, are not removed from the water. EDTA simply binds the metal ions so that the ions do not precipitate to form soap scum. EDTA is a versatile chelating agent. A chelating agent is a substance whose molecules can form several bonds to a single metal ion. Chelating agents are multidentate ligands. A ligand is a substance that binds with a metal ion to form a complex ion. Multi-dentate ligands are many clawed, holding onto the metal ion to form a very stable complex. EDTA can form four or six bonds with a metal ion. It is frequently used in soaps and detergents because it forms complexes with calcium and magnesium ions. The ions in hard water are bound to the EDTA and cannot interfere with the cleaning action of the soap or detergent. EDTA is also used in foods. Certain enzymes are responsible for food spoilage. EDTA is used to remove metal ions from these enzymes. It is used to promote color retention in dried bananas, beans, chick peas, canned clams, pecan pie filling, frozen potatoes and canned shrimp. It is used to improve flavor retention in canned carbonated beverages, beer, salad dressings, mayonnaise, margarine, and sauces. It inhibits rancidity in salad dressings, mayonnaise, sauces and salad spreads. In this lab you will be asked to determine the total permanent hardness. EDTA grabs all the metal ions in the water, not just the Ca2+ ions. This gives us a value that is not truly the concentration of Ca2+ ions. This causes an experimental error of about 1%, which is acceptable due to the fuzzy endpoints in this type of titration. Erio-T indicator or Eriochrome Black-T indicator is used in this titration. When it is chelated or acidifies, it produces a Pink-Red solution. When it is not chelated and under basic conditions it is Blue. The three pictures show the end point in this titration. There is a 1-drop difference of 0. 01 M EDTA between the first and second pictures and between the second and third pictures. Two or three seconds were allowed for colors in the second and third pictures to develop after adding the additional drop. In each case the solution was thoroughly mixed. This color change from wine red to violet to blue is due to the compact nature of the complex. Experiment. EDTA Titration of Ca2+ in an unknown solution PROCEDURE Modified 9/2012 1. Dry Na2H2EDTA. 2H2O (FM 372. 24) at 80 ° C for 1 h and cool in the desiccator. Accurately weigh out ~ 0. 6 g and dissolve it with heating in 400 mL of water in a beaker. Cool to room temperature pour into a 500-mL volumetric flask. , mix and dilute to the mark. 2. You should practice finding the end point several times by adding a little tap water in a clean beaker and titrating with EDTA. Save a solution at the end point to use as a color comparison for other titrations. 3. Pipet a 1-mL sample of unknown into a 250-mL flask and fill to the mark with deionized water. Mix thoroughly. From this 250-mL stock solution draw 4, 50mL aliquot samples and place each aliquot in 250mL Erlenmeyer flasks. To each sample, add 3 mL of pH 10 buffer and 6 drops of Eriochrome black T indicator. To the first 50-ml solution, titrate with EDTA from a 50-mL buret and note when the color changes from wine red to blue. 4. Repeat the titration with the next three samples to find an accurate value of the total Ca2+ concentration. Perform a blank titration with 50 mL of distilled water and subtract the value of the blank from each result. 5. Upon completion of the experiment, discard all solution in a chemical waste bottle and wash out the glassware. Be sure to dry your buret in the upside down position. _________________________________________________________ Calculations – Analysis: Analyte Ca2+ The reaction of Ca2+ ions with H2EDTA2- takes place with a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio: Ca2+ + EDTA2- ? At the end point of the titration, 1-equivalent of Ca2+ reacts with one equivalent of H2EDTA2-. 1 eqv Ca2+ = 1 eqv H2EDTA2-; equivalent Ca2+ = [H2EDTA2-] Vol EDTA CaH2EDTA. Recall that the analyte (we call this unknown solution) was prepared by taking exactly 1-mL of the unknown solution and diluting in a 250-mL volumetric flask (we will call this the stock solution) 50-mL aliquot (call this the analyte) of this solution was then titrated against EDTA. Note that the analyte concentration is equal to the stock solution concentration. The mass Ca2+ in 1 mL aliquot unknown: Mass of Ca2+ in 50mL Sample = H 2EDTA2? $ Vol EDTA $ = mol H 2EDTA2- = mol Ca2+in 50mL Analyte # % # % Mass of Ca2+ in 1mL of unknown = mol Ca2+ ? 250mL aliquot Ca2+ __ g Ca2+ ? 50mL Analyte mol ? ? Dilution Factor Atomic mass Ca Mass of Ca2+ in 1 L solution: Mass Ca2+ in 1 L = mass Ca2+ in 1 mL Aliquot 1000 mL 1 mL Concentration of unknown by percent (m:v), parts per hundred (m:v) and Molarity (M): Mass Ca in 1mL aliquot Vol aliquot solution used % Ca2+ m:v = 100 ppm Ca2+ m:v = Mass Ca in 1mL aliquot Vol aliquot solution used 106 Molarity Ca2+ = mass Ca2+ in 1mL 1 mol Ca __g Ca ? ? ? molar mass Ca 1 Volume in L of unknown Aliquot used Mass in grams of calcium carbonate unknown in 1L solution: Mass CaCO 3 in 1-L = mass ppt (g) 1 mol CaC 2O 4 H 2O __ g CaC 2O 4 H 2O ? molar mass CaC O H O 2 4 2 1 mol CaCO 3 1 mol CaC 2O 4 H 2O 1 mol CaCO 3 Vol in L of aliquot ? ? ? ? Molar mass CaCO 3 __ g CaCO 3 1L Dilution Factor Statistical Analysis – 1. Report the mean, medium, standard deviations (s), relative standard deviation (RSD), variance (s2) and the 95% confidence interval for your results. 2. 3. 4. Apply the student’s t test at the 95% confidence interval Apply a Q-test to any suspected result. Confidence interval = x + ts n 5. Compare the results of this experiment to the previous experiment, Gravimetric determination of Ca. Apply the Comparison of Means with Student’s t, Case2 (p76) Comparing Replicate Measurements. Do the two methods agree within the 95% confidence interval? â‚ ¬ Test for Outlier Apply a Grubb’s Test and Q-Test for any suspected outliers at 95 % level. See page 83 of text for critical values for 95% confidence. If your results show an anomalous data then use the Q-test to determine if the result should be rejected. Q= (Suspected Value Nearest Value) (Suspected Value Furthest Value) G calc = | Questionable value x| s Table of Data, Results and Statistical Analysis: Calcium Raw Data 1. Unknown number 2 Mass of EDTA used 3 Concentration of EDTA 4 Volume of Unknown Ca2+ Solution 5 Volume EDTA during titration 6 Volume EDTA for blank trials 7 Q-Test (95%) of any outlier Analysis and Results 8 Mass of calcium in 1-mL aliquot (Average) 9 Mass of calcium in 1-L solution (Average) 10 Conc. of calcium, %, ppm (m:v) and Molarity (Average) 11 Mass of calcium carbonate in 1-L (Average) Statistical Analysis 12 Averages and Standard deviations of all results 13 Variance, RSD and CV of all results 14 95% Confidence interval 15 ttable and tcalc for replicate measurements DiscussionThe goal of this experiment was to determine the â€Å"hardness† of the unknown sample by calculating the concentration of calcium ions in an analyte solution. Correcting for dilution factors, the concentration of calcium in the unknown in g/L is to be determined and compared to analysis for calcium by EDTA titration. Statistical analysis is applied to the results. A discussion of this experiment should include the accuracy and precision of this experiment compared to the EDTA titration method. An analysis of a comparison of replicated measurement is performed and discussed. Table of results should include Include in your summary table the following: i) Moles of Ca2+ in the unknown and the average equivalent value. ii) Concentration of [Ca2+ ] in the unknown in molarity, ppm and g/L iv) Mean, standard deviations, RSD and CV for each of the above concentration units. v) Student’s t at the 95% confidence interval vi) Application of a G and Q-test to any suspected result at the 95% level. vii) ttable, tcalc, Conclusion on comparison of replicated measurements. . Experiment. EDTA Titration of Ca2+ in an unknown solution Modified 9/2012 Sample data table. Sample Unknown # ______ Mass Na2EDTA, (g) Molarity Na2EDTA, (M) Vol. unknown, (ml) Buret Volinitial, (ml) Buret Volfinal, (ml) Volume EDTA used, (ml) Vol EDTA for blank, (ml) Corrected Col EDTA, (ml) Trial 1 Mass Ca2+ in 1 ml aliquot (g) Mass Ca2+ in 1-L solution (g) Concentration Ca (%) Concentration Ca (ppm) Molarity Ca2+, unknown (M) Mass calcium carbonate in 1L Q and G Test for Outliner CaCO3 (g/L), unknown Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Average Std dev Variance RSD , CV 95% CL Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Blank Student’s t Analysis: Comparing replicate measurements Analysis A: CaCO3 (g/L) 1 2 3 4 Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Avg Avg X1bar X2bar Sqrt ((n1*n2)/(n1+n2)) (xi-x1)^2 deg freedom Spooled Expt 2 Expt 3 Ex2 (Xi-Xbar)^2 Ex3 (Xi-Xbar)^2 T calc t table Conclusion T calc ? T table, at 95%, two result are (not) considered to be different EDTA Titration of Ca2+ in an unknown solution. # 1 2 CRITERIA (Tentative point distribution may change depending on experiment) Quiz / Homework [NONE} Introduction and Procedures A. Introduction Objective of Expt. Background information. Math relationship used in study. B. Procedures Outline of procedures in Expt. Flow chart pictorial of procedures. Procedural changes. Information (data) to be recorded during experiment. (to be presented in Table form. ) Safety and disposal information. This portion of the report should be turned in before the start of lab class (prelab discussion). Data, Observe. , Results and Calc. C. Data and Observation Data in table form. detailed observations written in th e table. All data entry should contain the proper number of significant figures and units. Data should always be recorded in an organize fashion. Balance chemical equations; all chemical reaction which occurred during an experiment should be written in this section. Then it should also be written in the discussion portion of the report. This portion of the report should be turned in before you leave the laboratory. Calculations Results D. Calculations Sample calculation shown with Excel spreadsheet available with formulas shown Statistical analysis of data and result. Avg, Std dev, RSD, CV E. Results Summary of Result(s) in table form. In this section accuracy of results is very important as well as detailed calculation showing how the result was obtain. Unknown will also be included in this section. Discussion / Conclusions and Post-Lab Questions F. Discussion (Talking points) What is your final result in this experiment. Are the four trials consistent with each other? If not what would account for the inconsistencies? How did the results in this experimental result compare to the result in experiment 2? Is your result for the amount of calcium carbonate in your unknown within the range of 10 – 25 g/L? Elaborate on this. What is the average amount of calcium in tap water, how much more higher is this unknown compared to the average content in tap water (express in %). G. Conclusion Summary of the goal of the experiment and how that goal was achieved in the experiment. H. Post-lab questions or Editorial comment What did you learn in this experiment? What skills in lab practice did you develop through this expt? This portion (Calculation and Discussion) is turned in at the beginning of class of the due-date Overall Presentation (of lab notebook) Lab technique during experiment; example are, class preparation, safety glasses precautions and leaving the laboratory clean. Report presentation: examples are the headings of each report that includes name, title, lab partner, date and section #, witness signature. Legibility of report. Is the report easy to read or is important information jotted down by small print in the corners of the lab report. The overall impression is important. Lab Technique Safety: wear goggles, handle chemicals with caution, proper handling of lab equipment Leave lab clean and tidy Score ______/10 _______ Student’s t ____/5 pts % Score 5 3 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 Unknown __________% Error Total (This total may be adjusted d epending on lab technique and student conduct in the experiment) 50