What Is Correlation in Statistics

Sometimes numerical data comes in pairs. Perhaps a paleontologist measures the lengths of the femur (leg bone) and humerus (arm bone) in five fossils of the same dinosaur species. It might make sense to consider the arm lengths separately from the leg lengths, and calculate things such as the mean, or the standard deviation. But what if the researcher is curious to know if there is a relationship between these two measurements? Its not enough to just look at the arms separately from the legs. Instead, the paleontologist should pair the lengths of the bones for each skeleton and use an area of statistics known as correlation. What is correlation? In the example above suppose that the researcher studied the data and reached the not very surprising result that dinosaur fossils with longer arms also had longer legs, and fossils with shorter arms had shorter legs. A scatterplot of the data showed that the data points were all clustered near a straight line. The researcher would then say that there is a strong straight line relationship, or correlation, between the lengths of arm bones and leg bones of the fossils. It requires some more work to say how strong the correlation is. Correlation and Scatterplots Since each data point represents two numbers, a two-dimensional scatterplot is a great help in visualizing the data. Suppose we actually have our hands on the dinosaur data, and the five fossils have the following measurements: Femur 50 cm, humerus 41 cmFemur 57 cm, humerus 61 cmFemur 61 cm, humerus 71 cmFemur 66 cm, humerus 70 cmFemur 75 cm, humerus 82 cm A scatterplot of the data, with femur measurement in the horizontal direction and humerus measurement in the vertical direction, results in the above graph. Each point represents the measurements of one of the skeletons. For instance, the point at the bottom left corresponds to skeleton #1. The point at the upper right is skeleton #5. It certainly looks like we could draw a straight line that would be very close to all of the points. But how can we tell for certain? Closeness is in the eye of the beholder. How do we know that our definitions of closeness match with someone else? Is there any way that we could quantify this closeness? Correlation Coefficient To objectively measure how close the data is to being along a straight line, the correlation coefficient comes to the rescue. The correlation coefficient, typically denoted r, is a real number between -1 and 1. The value of r measures the strength of a correlation based on a formula, eliminating any subjectivity in the process. There are several guidelines to keep in mind when interpreting the value of r. If r 0 then the points are a complete jumble with absolutely no straight line relationship between the data.If r -1 or r 1 then all of the data points line up perfectly on a line.If r is a value other than these extremes, then the result is a less than perfect fit of a straight line. In real-world data sets, this is the most common result.If r is positive then the line is going up with a positive slope. If r is negative then the line is going down with negative slope. The Calculation of the Correlation Coefficient The formula for the correlation coefficient r is complicated, as can be seen here. The ingredients of the formula are the means and standard deviations of both sets of numerical data, as well as the number of data points. For most practical applications r is tedious to compute by hand. If our data has been entered into a calculator or spreadsheet program with statistical commands, then there is usually a built-in function to calculate r. Limitations of Correlation Although correlation is a powerful tool, there are some limitations in using it: Correlation does not completely tell us everything about the data. Means and standard deviations continue to be important.The data may be described by a curve more complicated than a straight line, but this will not show up in the calculation of r.Outliers strongly influence the correlation coefficient. If we see any outliers in our data, we should be careful about what conclusions we draw from the value of r.Just because two sets of data are correlated, it doesnt mean that one is the cause of the other.

A Child s Silent Killer - 1266 Words

A Child’s Silent Killer A serious life threatening condition is sweeping over the U.S. today. This ailment can cause numerous types of cancer and is drastically increasing in incidence. The individuals affected are our children and adolescents. No this â€Å"disease† is not untreatable, it is not contagious and there is no chemo involved yet it continues to grow. Why? When asked to present a problem and a solution, what bigger a problem and easier a solution than the underrated concern of childhood obesity in the United States. Childhood obesity is a serious, life threatening and growing medical concern in the U.S. today which can be prevented by educating parents, and implementing healthy eating habits as well as physical activity in†¦show more content†¦Seeing a child who is overweight may not seem like a big concern to some, but the future consequences can be deadly. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine state that, â€Å"children and adolescents who are obese are likely to be o bese as adults and are therefore more at risk for adult health problems such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke, several types of cancer, and osteoarthritis.† Children who are obese are more likely to grow up to be obese as adults resulting in long-term health effects (3). It seems the rise of obesity is going to be a great concern for healthcare professionals in the future. These statistics provide the obvious clue to the pattern of an uphill run of childhood obesity without a break in sight. This condition is a solemn concern, yet thankfully it can be simply understood and managed. Understanding obesity is as simple as basic addition. Being overweight or obese is result of a caloric imbalance. This occurs when there are too many calories consumed compared to the ones being burned. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010 recommends that a boy about 12 years of age should get between 1,400 and 1,600 calories per day if they are sedentary; 1,600 to 2,000 calories per d ay if they are moderately active; and 1,800 and 2,200 if they are active (2). The calories in four KFC extra-crispy chicken strips and a small fries is 920. Add a soda to that meal and this one

Definition Essay - Blind Violence - 1626 Words

Blind Violence Introduction When you hear, â€Å"in every 9 seconds a US women is assaulted or beaten, it makes you question how domestic violence is still going on in America (domesticviolencestatitics.org) Today, there are many songs that reveal this issue publicly and it just goes to show that domestic violence has always been a problem in the United States. Two songs that portray the awareness of this same message is evident with â€Å"The Last To Say† a hip-hop song by Atmosphere. It was released from the album The Family Sign (2011) and acts as a storyline during the song, displaying descriptive words and explaining a personal experience through which the singer has been exposed to in some way. The music is low and simple throughout the whole song to emphasize the sadness of the issue at hand. The other song is â€Å"Crawling†, a hard rock song by Linkin Park. It was released as a single from the album Hybrid Theory (2001) and it is seen as a more powerful song because of the intensity of b oth the music and lyrics. Anger is the emotion Linkin Park is trying to make you feel against this lingering problem. These two diverse songs are used to depict the awareness of domestic violence through their personal experiences; so it can teach our society to be aware and to unite in the prevention of this social issue from occurring in the future. Issue Discussion Domestic violence is commonly misinterpreted and famously known for a husband and/or wife displaying physical violence betweenShow MoreRelatedFederal Bureau Of Investigations And The United Nations Office On Drugs And Crime1592 Words   |  7 PagesThe following essay examines the definitions of organized crime from the Federal Bureau of Investigations and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 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How Marketing is Becoming Synonymous with Advertising Free Essays

With the growing complexity and sophistication of the marketing function, marketers need to choose the right set of marketing technology based on a marketing maturity model. Peter Drucker once elevated the marketing function in his quote, â€Å"The business enterprise has two – and only two – basic functions: marketing and innovation. Marketing and innovation produce results; all the rest are costs. We will write a custom essay sample on How Marketing is Becoming Synonymous with Advertising or any similar topic only for you Order Now † With time, marketing has been given lesser and lesser importance, so much so that today, almost every marketer faces hard questions about accountability.Let’s look at excerpts from an article by Mohanbir Sawhney, McCormick Tribune Professor of Technology, Kellogg School of Management, which elaborates the state of marketing in the current scenario: Philip Kotler, in a conversation with the vice-president of marketing of a major airline, asked what he did in his job. Did he control pricing? â€Å"Not really,† the marketing VP replied, â€Å"That’s the yield management department. † Did he control where and how often the airline flew or the classes of service it offered? â€Å"Not really – that’s the flight scheduling department,† he answered.Did he control the services provided by the airline to its customers on the ground? â€Å"Not really, that’s the operations department,† he said. So what exactly did he control? â€Å"Well,† he told Kotler, â€Å"I run advertising and the frequent flyer programme. † Most marketers’ jobs, at the end of the day, seem to boil down to creating collaterals, sending emails or designing beautiful websites. Day by day, marketing is becoming synonymous with advertising – while the core activities of marketing such as delivering qualified leads, linking marketing with critical business functions and generating new ideas are being put on the backburner.As a result of this, marketers are finding it difficult to put across a strong voice during the process of organi sational strategic decision making, leading to executive level attrition. The results of a CMO tenure survey, carried out by executive recruiting firm Spencer Stuart involving top 100 branded companies, is an eye-opener: the average tenure of CMOs is just 23 months – less than half of a CEO’s tenure. The major reasons cited for this situation are the failure of CMOs to speak the language of return on investment and to manage the increasingly complex environment of integrated marketing communication.A lot of marketing executives believe that measuring marketing performance is a key priority for their organisations to drive accountability and yet, only 20 per cent of the marketers have a formal marketing performance measurement system in place. To address this scenario and establish credibility in terms of creating customer value, CMOs need a combination of relevant marketing technology, with appropriate skilled resources to execute actionable marketing plans.With the growing complexity and sophistication of the marketing function, marketers need to choose the right set of marketing technology based on a marketing maturity model. At the early stage of maturity, marketers use marketing automation to manage content development, automate work flow and integrate back office work. Towa rds a later stage of maturity, dedicated marketing technology platforms come in to drive a customer centric approach – with the help of real time analytics and closed loop marketing processes linking every step in the marketing lifecycle.To sum it up, the hurdle faced by marketers to achieve the ultimate goal of accountability seems to be twofold. The first hurdle is the lack of defined marketing processes and metrics. For example, today, organisations have access to a lot of data but when it comes to marketing needs, due to lack of defined metrics and coordination with analytics teams, leveraging data to deliver key insights remain a challenge. The second hurdle is the lack of willingness to adopt a performance orientated mindset.One of the strong reasons behind this is the fact that marketing has been managed by creative thinkers and strategists who are quite averse to process oriented approaches. Therefore, an organisation-wide change in mindset is essential to determine the success of any marketing automation. An enterprise-wide marketing automation approach, combining the prowess of technology with a change in mindset, is essential to make the marketing function more accountable. This approach, called Enterprise Marketing Management (EMM), has been propagated to address the mentioned twofold problem. Fundamental building blocks of EMM consist of marketing planning, campaign management, lead management and performance measurement. EMM will help marketers to plan, coordinate and measure the business impact of their branding and marketing efforts, addressing a broad array of marketing requirements/pain points such as: †¢ How was the marketing budget spent? Where were marketing investments made against key priorities? †¢ Which digital marketing vehicles provide the greatest return on investment? Swiftly launch campaign in an agile marketing environment and respond to marketing competition. †¢ Predict customer behaviour to help understand the marketing mix and how investments can achieve the maximum marketing impact. †¢ Reduce effort on manual consolidation and approval process. At the end of the day, the aim is to answer the famous riddle in marketing by John Wanamaker, founder of the first department store, â€Å"One half of my advertising budget is wasted. The trouble is I don’t know which half. â€Å" How to cite How Marketing is Becoming Synonymous with Advertising, Papers

Multicultural Education2 Essay Example For Students

Multicultural Education2 Essay Getting Rid of the Stereotypes, and Teaching in a Multicultural Perspective It is rare that any two-classroom teachers will have the same definition for multicultural education. The basic goal of multicultural education is to help all children understand and appreciate events and people from various points of view (Welton, 113). Teaching with a multicultural perspective encourages appreciation and understanding of other cultures as well as ones own. Rey Gomez states that teaching with this perspective promotes the childs sense of the uniqueness of his own culture as a positive characteristic and enables the child to accept the uniqueness of the cultures of others. Childrens attitudes toward their race and ethnic group and other cultural groups begin to form early in the preschool years. Children are easily influenced by the cultural, opinions, and attitudes of their caregivers. Caregivers perceptions of ethnic and racial groups can affect the childs attitudes toward those minority groups. Early childhood educators can influence the development of positive attitudes in young children by learning about and promoting the various cultures represented among the children they teach (Gomez, 1). Gomez also states young children can develop stereotypic viewpoints of cultures different from their own when similarities among all individuals are not emphasized. Teachers can help eliminate stereotypes by presenting material and activities that enable children to learn the similarities of all individuals. Early childhood teachers and parents of young children should become aware of the myths and assumptions associated with multicultural education so that they develop appropriate goals and methods. Listed below are the assumptions of multicultural education created by Paul Gorski and Bob Covert: 1.It is increasingly important for political, social, educational and economic reasons to recognize the US is a culturally diverse society. 2.Multicultural education is for all students. 3.Multicultural education is synonymous with effective teaching. 4.Teaching is a cross-cultural encounter. 5.The educational system has not served all students equally well. 6.Multicultural education is (should) being synonymous with educational innovation and reform. 7.Next to parents (primary caregivers) teachers are the single most important factor in the lives of children. 8.Classroom interaction between teachers and students constitutes the major part of the educational process for most students. Multicultural education represents a perspective rather than a curriculum. Through multicultural literature, children discover that all cultural groups have made significant contributions to civilization (Norton, 62). V.J. Dimidjian states that the goal of multicultural education is not only to teach children about other groups or countries. It also helps children become accustomed to the idea that there are many lifestyles, languages, cultures, and points of view. The purpose of multicultural curriculum is to attach positive feelings to multicultural experiences so that each child will feel included and valued, and will feel friendly and respectful toward people from other ethnic and cultural groups (Dimidjian, 44). A multicultural program should not focus on other cultures to the exclusion of cultures represented in the class stated David Welton. He says certain children from different cultures often have to make major behavioral adjustments to meet the expectations of the school. One idea was that teachers should take whatever measures are necessary to see that children do not interpret these changes as evidence of cultural stereotypes. Listed below are myths written by Paul Gorski and Bob Covert that need to be gotten rid of: Myth #1: Other cultures should be presented as distinct ways of living that reflect differences Myth #2: Bilingualism is a liability rather than an Myth #3: Multicultural education is only relevant in classes with students who are members of the cultural or racial groups to be studied. Myth #4: There should be a separate, unified set of goals and curriculum for multicultural education. Myth #5: Mere Activities, which are not placed in an explicit cultural context, constitute viable One of the major issues pointed out was that It is tempting to deny our prejudices and claim that we find all children equally appealing (Phillips 2). Teachers and parents need to acknowledge the fact that we, like our children, are influenced by stereotypes that exist in our schools and the media. .ua0e0e1a8296f809295b0a6553675566d , .ua0e0e1a8296f809295b0a6553675566d .postImageUrl , .ua0e0e1a8296f809295b0a6553675566d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua0e0e1a8296f809295b0a6553675566d , .ua0e0e1a8296f809295b0a6553675566d:hover , .ua0e0e1a8296f809295b0a6553675566d:visited , .ua0e0e1a8296f809295b0a6553675566d:active { border:0!important; } .ua0e0e1a8296f809295b0a6553675566d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua0e0e1a8296f809295b0a6553675566d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua0e0e1a8296f809295b0a6553675566d:active , .ua0e0e1a8296f809295b0a6553675566d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua0e0e1a8296f809295b0a6553675566d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua0e0e1a8296f809295b0a6553675566d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua0e0e1a8296f809295b0a6553675566d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua0e0e1a8296f809295b0a6553675566d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua0e0e1a8296f809295b0a6553675566d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua0e0e1a8296f809295b0a6553675566d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua0e0e1a8296f809295b0a6553675566d .ua0e0e1a8296f809295b0a6553675566d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua0e0e1a8296f809295b0a6553675566d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Biotechnology Essay Nurturing diversity means making multicultural education a process of action, through which we as adults achieve clarity about our condition in this society and ways to change it (Phillips, 43). Phillips states if a teacher is to .

The Practical guidelines on the management - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: 1. Identify and briefly describe a specific area of your practice in which you have a particular interest or where there is uncertainty differing opinions about the provision of care. 2. Develop a specific searchable question using the PICO format or similar based on the area of practice described in task 1 3. Conduct a search for the highest levels of evidence that you can find to answer your question. The 3 highest pieces of research evidence found should be selected. Succinctly describe your search process and provide justification of the resources that you chose to search and the evidence selected. Include the abstract/s or summary/summaries of the high level evidence to your final assignment. 4. Compare and contrast the answer to your question found in the high level evidence to the current practice in this area. Your discussion should highlight the level of evidence or strength of the recommendations and clearly discuss any differences that exist between the evidence based recommendations and your existing practices, and whether the practice adheres to the current research evidence. If you are unable to find high level evidence and/or clear evidence based answers to your question then this should be discussed, including reasons why you think this evidence does not exist or is poorer quality evidence. 5. Discuss the barriers to using/implementing EBP that may exist in your specific clinical setting and how these barriers may be overcome, and/or strategies that exist to promote EBP within your practice setting. Answer: Introduction The occurrence of foot ulcers is common in any individual and the foot ulcers are referred to a small region of broken surficial skin especially beneath the feet or lower leg. However, when the level of sugar in blood rises and due to the damage in the nerves, skin loses its capability to heal itself. The worst part is that even a small injury to the skin can initiate the formation of foot ulcers. Foot ulcers are closely linked with the diabetic nerve pain and diabetic neuropathy and this is the reason, many people with diabetes are frequently affected by foot ulcers. Studies have revealed that 10 percent of people with type 2 diabetes have a tendency to develop foot ulcers. People suffering from both the type 1 and type 2 diabetes are both affected by foot ulcers. Foot ulcers are influenced by diabetes and the people suffering from diabetes must understand the fact that, if foot ulcers are left untreated then there are severe consequences (Bakker, Apelqvist and Schaper 2012). This s tudy focusses on the nursing intervention required for the reduction of the diabetes in patients and also to reduce foot ulcers in patients with diabetes mellitus. Answer 1 In diabetic patients, the awareness regarding injury and healing is very scarce. Which makes it an effective field to carry out nursing intervention for effective dealing the issues which arise in such patients. Regarding the identification of a specific area which I have a particular interest is for the reduction of diabetic foot ulcers in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus through nursing intervention. The occurrence of the foot ulcers is approximately 1 to 2 percent and the prevalence is slightly high in older adult people. Venous ulcers are considered to be the most common form of foot ulcers which accounts around 80 percent of all the ulcers that occur in the lower extremities (O'Meara et al. 2012). The incidence of the venous ulcers is majorly seen within people aged between 60 to 80 years. Also studies have shown that, patients with the chronic venous insufficiency have a tendency to develop venous ulceration around 40 years of age. Whereas, it was also found tha t venous ulcers have the highest occurrence and as well as has the highest chances of recurrence. Majority of the ulcers that occur in adults are a direct result of the sense of sensation. Around 15 percent of persons having diabetes have an increased chance of having foot ulcers during their lifetime. At the same time, nursing interventions on foot ulcers have differing opinions regarding which procedure is proper. Nursing intervention like education from a specialist nurse, anti-fungal management of the injured area, decompression, dressing and debridement (Dorresteijn and Valk 2012). There are other sorts of treatments which include drugs that control the glucose level in blood, drugs that work to nourish the nerves, improvement in the supply of blood to the lower extremities of the body through the proper administration of drug. Answer 2 Foot ulcers are common in diabetic patients exhibiting the type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, a nursing intervention is required for effective treatment of the diabetic foot ulcers. There is an effective therapy called the Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy which can effectively reduce and treat the diabetic foot ulcers. A PICO analysis of this therapy can consolidate its validity. Population- Type 2 diabetes mellitus adult patient that are experiencing the diabetic foot ulcers. Intervention- Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for the individuals suffering from the type 2 diabetes mellitus. Comparison- Wound dressing management versus Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in patients that are having diabetic foot ulcers. Outcome- Reduction of the diabetic foot ulcers within a period of 12 months. PICO QUESTION: Does the Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy is able to reduce the occurrence of Diabetic foot ulcers in the individuals suffering from the type 2 diabetes mellitus within 12 months, compared to the wound dressing management therapy? Answer 3 The search for the highest levels of evidence related to the hyperbaric oxygen therapy can be found in the research journals and articles that emphasize on the reduction and treatment of the diabetic foot ulcer. The search process includes searching in various databases like ResearchGate, PubMed, NCBI, Elsevier, ProQuest. Whereas, the searching keyword used for the search is Prevention and Treatment of Leg and Foot Ulcers in Diabetes Mellitus, Hyperbaric oxygen therapy to cure the diabetic foot ulcer. The papers were shortlisted based on the exclusion and inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were based on the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer. Whereas, the exclusion criteria were based on the hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the cure of other types of ulcers. The resources selected emphasize curing of the diabetic foot ulcers, efficiency of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the cure of diabetic foot ulcers Abstract 1- the objective of the essay is the efficiency and the safety of the hyperbaric oxygenation therapy for the cure of diabetic foot ulcers and includes the meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature. The methods employed are searching the Embase, Medline and Cochrane library database for the relevant articles published. The controlled trials based on the management and cure of diabetic foot ulcers through the hyperbaric foot ulcers. Also a meta-analysis was carried out for the safety and efficiency of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The results of the study include thirteen trials (624 patients), involves the 7 prospective randomized trials. the analysis revealed that the hyperbaric oxygen therapy treatment procedure yielded significant reduction in risk associated with the amputations. The adverse events of amputations were rare and not frequent. From the study it can be concluded that, treatment with the hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves the healing rate and as w ell as reduces the rate of amputations in patients affected by the diabetic foot ulcers (Liu et al. 2013). Abstract 2- the study speaks that 10 to 15 percent of the individuals with the diabetes mellitus have a tendency to develop the foot ulcers. These percentage of the individuals also experience of amputations which is 85 percent. The hyperbaric oxygen therapy along with the increased incidence of oxygen can encourage the healing process and it reduces the risk associated with amputation. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the efficiency of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment of diabetic ulcers in the lower limbs. The methods employ a systematic search using a keyword lower limb diabetic ulcer, HBOT. Databases that were used for the initial searches include Embase, Medline, Biosis, PubMed, CINAHL, Wileys Cochrane Library. The Randomized control trials were included for the observational studies. The pooled estimates of the data were determined as per its appropriateness. the results of the study indicate that of the 654 papers identified, around 157 articles cam e under a full text review. Data from the 12 publications were abstracted among which 6 papers were based on the comparative analysis and 6 were based on the randomized controlled trials. After the pooled data were analyzed then it was found that, hyperbaric oxygen therapy reduced the risk of amputation when compared with the standard form of wound of care by 60 percent. The conclusions stated that, due to the limited randomized control trial evidence, the harms and the benefits of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy. No significant difference was found within the data reflecting the randomized control trail over the usage of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy (O'Reilly et al. 2013). Abstract 3- the background of the study reflects the role of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy to treat the diabetic foot ulcers. This has been analyzed from the medical literature for over a decade. The study has been undertaken by the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation Working Group (GRADE). The study included a literature review and focused on the assessment of the evidences and generate the correct practices for the care of diabetic foot ulcers. The results indicated that, hyperbaric oxygen therapy is beneficial in both promoting healing and preventing amputation in the patients. However, in comparison to the surgical debridement of the foot ulcers, the hyper oxygen therapy yielded much better results. From the conclusion it can be derived that the policy makers, patients and the clinicians must include hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the effective cure of the diabetic oxygen therapy. The current state of evidence s uggest that this therapy is underutilized (Huang et al. 2015). Answer 4 The cure of the diabetic foot ulcer with the assistance of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy involves cross reference from the high level evidences like the research journals that were previously done. However, with the development of the medical science of the, newer procedures are developed like the management of the diabetic foot ulcer medically, surgical management, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the occluded and the stenosed lower extremity arteries (Sinwar 2015). Management of the wound area through the usage of alginate, hydrofiber, transparent film, low-adherence dressing, hydrogel, hydrocolloid debriding agents, foam. Surgical options include skin grafts, tissue cultured skin substitution, surgical wound closure, xenograft (Zelen et al. 2013). The efficiency and potentiality of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy can be established from the high level evidences from the research articles and journals. According to the Liu et al. (2013), the primary outcome of the study was based on the haling of the ulcer which is categorized as the epithelization of the wound. The secondary outcomes of the study on the other hand included the minor and major amputations. A study was conducted based on thirteen trials which included a total of 624 patients, which also included 7 randomized trials (meta- analysis) and a search of the relevant articles on database like Embase, Medline and Cochrane database. A total of 89 relevant articles which were also used for the comparison of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy with the conventional therapy for the cure of the diabetic foot ulcer. Healing of the ulcers over the short term and the long term follow up were considered. The short term follow-up was taken as less than 6 months, while the long term follow up included a period of more than one year. The short term follow-up included 10 studies that showed that healing to occur within the short term follow-up. Healing according to evidence based nursing practice was defined as the complete cover of the wound area with the epithelial tissue. The pooled data showed a positive response on the patients who were treated with the hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The short term follow-up revealed that the hyperbaric oxygen therapy effectively reduced the diabetic foot ulcer and improved the rate of healing without any heterogeneity. Whereas long term follow-up included an over the 1-year period included 7 trails of 366 patients which almost included about 58.6 percent of the patients of the whole study process. The results showed that there is a large increase in the healing process of the diabetic foot ulcers in the patients who were administered with the hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The long term follow-up showed more positive response in comparison to the short term follow up. For the Randomized control trial, a total of 300 patients were used for the 4 randomized control trial. This randomized control trial was assessed based on the primary outcome. A large amount of heterogeneity was noticed in the sub analysis and also in the total population. The major and the minor amputations are also considered for the secondary outcome, and after the assessment 11 patients undergoing amputations. Considering the size of the study the number of patients with the amputations were considerably low. The minor amputations showed amputations of the ankle joint. Thus, from this study, the Hyperbaric oxygen therapy demonstrated a better outcome in comparison with the conventional therapy (Liu et al. 2013). The existing practice of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the patients having diabetic foot ulcer is in accordance with the current research practice. The current research emphasizes on the positive outcome of patients having the diabetic foot ulcers. The foot ulcers of the patients have shown total recovery over the period of both the 6 months and 1 year. Although, there is only a marginal number of patients who had undergone amputations. However, the complete recovery of the wound region with the growth of epithelial tissue consolidates the validity of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Answer 5 When an evidence based practice is implemented, there are certain barriers that acts to inhibit and hinder the nursing practice within a clinical setting. The same way there exists numerous barriers in the implementation of care to the diabetic foot ulcer patients. The barriers involved are: beliefs and attitudes of the doctors and patients as well as the other healthcare professionals; the structure of the healthcare system also pose as a barrier in the care delivery to the diabetic foot ulcer; the other problems include; unavailability of the healthcare in some geographical areas; patient related factors (Houtum 2012). A study conducted on the barriers to the care delivered to the patients of diabetic foot ulcer. The study involved a questionnaire which showed that, whether the patients had experienced any barrier in the foot care. It was found that 52 percent of the patients responded yes, whereas 48 percent of the patients responded no. For the identification of the barriers, a total of 162 respondents were used. Among which, 92 respondents (56.8%) cited that poor communication between the health care providers and the patients. Whereas, 82 respondents (50.6%) reported to be neutral or have no idea. While 72 respondents reported inconveniency for work (Seid and Tsige 2015). In certain geographical areas visit to the healthcare clinics is not feasible due to the distance and thus makes regular visits impossible. Even if the clinics are available, the proper healthcare professionals are not available who can be properly administer the necessary care in a clinical setting. The variations that exist in clinical decision making affect the different layers of care. It has been found that some clinicians might not have the idea to consult another expert from a different field before performing an intervention. For an example, a general surgeon might not consult a vascular surgeon before performing an amputation (Margolis et al. 2013). Medical treatments also depend on the local attitudes, beliefs and conventions which to a great extent influence the outcomes of health. The cultural aspects influence the health care delivery because the specialists that are involved in a diabetic foot team belong from different communities. Effective care delivery to the patients is also affected by the barriers. If patients exhibit neuropathy, then it results into inability to perceive the pain and it renders the patients to unaware of the ulceration or the trauma (Callaghan et al. 2012). Whereas, retinopathy results in to inability of a patient to detect and inspect foot problems. Also, lack of u nderstanding plays a major role in which patients who are aware of the risk associated with the diabetic foot ulcer, might avoid referring to a clinic. This further increases the severity of amputation. Overcoming the barriers, incorporate an effective intervention strategy. The effective intervention includes policies by the government that focusses on the set up of clinics geographically that can effectively work to treat the diabetic foot ulcer patients that stay away from the city limits (Batta, Lejeune and Prasad 2014). Communication has been found to be the major barrier that hinder the care and treatment delivery to the patients. Thus promotion of the effective communication between the patients and the health professionals can to a great extent reduce the time period required for the treatment of the diabetic foot ulcer (Monteiro?Soares et al. 2014). The diabetic team that assist the patients to recover from the diabetic foot ulcer sometimes include team members that belong from the different cultural community. Thus to overcome such barriers, it is necessary to act on building team which will have members from the same cultural background (Rubio et al. 2014). There are also other issues that hinder a patient to recover from a diabetic foot ulcer, like the food habit and uncontrolled glucose concentration in blood (Inzucchi et al. 2012). Effective medication is one of the best strategy that will reduce the concentration of glucose in blood (Kahn et al. 2014). At the same time a strict diet plan can effectively work to prevent the occurrence of diabetic foot ulcer (Ley et al. 2014). Conclusion Thus from the above study it can be concluded that, diabetic foot ulcer is common in patients having type 2 diabetes mellitus. There are several developments in this field for the effective management and cure of the diabetic foot ulcer. The effective cure strategy involves the usage of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy; this therapy has been found to effectively heal the wound with the epithelial tissue. Reference Bakker, K., Apelqvist, J. and Schaper, N.C., 2012. Practical guidelines on the management and prevention of the diabetic foot 2011. 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Inzucchi, S.E., Bergenstal, R.M., Buse, J.B., Diamant, M., Ferrannini, E., Nauck, M., Peters, A.L., Tsapas, A., Wender, R. and Matthews, D.R., 2012. Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach. Position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia, 55(6), pp.1577-1596. Kahn, S.E., Cooper, M.E. and Del Prato, S., 2014. Pathophysiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes: perspectives on the past, present, and future. The Lancet, 383(9922), pp.1068-1083. Ley, S.H., Hamdy, O., Mohan, V. and Hu, F.B., 2014. Prevention and management of type 2 diabetes: dietary components and nutritional strategies. The Lancet, 383(9933), pp.1999-2007. Liu, R., Li, L., Yang, M., Boden, G. and Yang, G., 2013, February. Systematic review of the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygenation therapy in the management of chronic diabetic foot ulcers. 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Sample Block Style Compare Contrast Essay - How to Structure the Essay

Sample Block Style Compare Contrast Essay - How to Structure the EssayThe sample block style compare contrast essay is one of the most popular essay styles that students will be faced with in college. Students who choose to write the compare and contrast style essay are attempting to find their way within the difficult academic environment that a college student faces, but also do not want to make it too difficult for themselves.Contrast is a concept in both the educational realm and in the real world of business. In college, contrast is often used to point out one aspect of a text that is positive and one that is negative. In business, there are several significant points of contrast that may occur in a company's marketing or in its advertising campaign.Contrast is a more effective way to structure an essay than classic key and extract phrases or large blocks of words that are hard to read, since students know that they are supposed to 'blend' the opposing concepts of each statement with the use of appropriate words. You should be prepared to create a testable argument. The sample block style compare contrast essay allows you to do this in a more effective way, but also in a style that makes you sound more professional as well.The sample block style compare contrast essay allows you to provide students with a style guide that has been vetted by teachers and professors. When students start writing their essay, they have an excellent guide that they can utilize to help them decide what information is crucial to include and what is just filler. Additionally, the sample block style compare contrast essay is a good means to research all of the key concepts that you would need to include in your essay in order to include the salient parts that are important.The sample block style compare contrast essay allows you to develop a plan for your essay, especially when you have enough data to support it. To properly structure a compare and contrast essay, you must be able to consider which parts of the essay you need to include and which parts are simply needed to provide a quick summary of the text. In addition, you need to have a plan for how the finished essay will look.The sample block style compare contrast essay has two parts to it. It has a pre-developed outline that provides information on the entire composition, and it has an appendix, which contains all of the major elements of the article. Students who choose to write the compare and contrast style essay will need to make sure that they have their outline in place before beginning to write the rest of the article.The sample block style compare contrast essay is a great way to prepare for any writing assignment, even if you have never written an essay before. Students who are eager to find their way through the many courses and tests that they will face in college will benefit from using the sample block style compare contrast essay.